EDLIZ Drugs
EDLIZ Drugs
| Drug Name | Dosage / Duration |
|---|---|
Dapsone |
Leprosy 100mg(paeds 1-2mg/kg) po once a day for 6-12 months Sickle Cell Anaemia ,malaria prophylaxis 1 tablet po once weekly continuously Dermatitis herpatiformis 50mg po daily, titrate to 300mg to achieve desired effects Adverse Effects- hemolysis, methemoglobinuria, insomnia, headache, dermatitis, nausea, vomiting, anaemia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, hepatitis, SLE Drug Interactions: Serious-BCG vaccine, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, typhoid vaccine. Significant- carbamazepine, clarythromycin, digoxin, efavirenz, erythromycinestradiol, isoniazid, rifabutin |
Benzathine penicillin |
Rheumatic Fever 0,6MU im single dose Prophylaxis after rheumatic fever 2,4MU im monthly upto 21 to 30 years RPR Positive and syphilis in pregnancy 2.4MU im once a week for 3 weeks Genital Ulcers 2,4MU im stat Adverse Effects- skin rashes, urticaria, serum sickness, pseudomembranous colitis Drug Interactions: Serious-cholera vaccine, amodacycline, seracycline Significant-magnesium oxide, estradiol valerate, apalutamide |
Dexamethasone |
Preterm Labour 12mg im for 2 doses 12 hours apart Post Cataract Surgery 0,1% eye drops 1 drop 6 hourly for 6 weeks Bacterial Otitis Externa 3 ear drops twice daily for 7 days Croup 0,1-0,6mg/kg IV 6 hourly Raised Intracranial Pressure 12-16mg po once daily, review
Adverse Effects allergic reactions,rash, dermatitis, decreased glucose tolerance, cushingoid state, supresion of growth in paeds, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, neurological and psychiatric effects Drug Interactions Contraindicated-apixaban, coatemether, praziquantel Serious-BCG vaccine, clarithromycin, dabigatran, diptheria and tetanus toxoid, erythromycin, hemophilus influenza b vaccine, HPV vaccine, ketoconazole, polio vaccine, typhoid vaccine, yellow fever vaccine |
Enalapril |
Hypertension 40mg po once a day long term Chronic Heart Failure 5-20mg po once daily long term Nephrotic Syndrome 5-10mg po once daily, review Adverse effects dizziness,hypotension,headache,hyperkalemia,nausea,vomiting Drug interactions serious-allopurinol,asprin,celecoxib,diclofenac,ibuprofen significant-azathioprine,carbamazepine, carbidopa,cyclosporin, digoxin |
F-75 |
(children 6-59 months) malnutrition phase1(stabilisation phase) 130 ml per kg of body weight per day until the patient regains appetite. Start with 2 hourly feeds (12 feeds per day), and gradually decrease the frequency of feeding and increase the volume of each feed until the patient is getting 3 hourly feeds (8 feeds per day |
F-100 |
(Children 6 to 59 Months) malnutrition transition and rehabilitation phase Replace F75 with F 100 at 150ml per kg body weight per day. Gradually introduce RUTF in small amounts until the child can consume ¾ Sachet per day ? When accepted, provide RUTF at 130kcal per kg of body weight per day
|
Factor VII |
Hemophilia A Mild bleed (nose, gums etc.) 14 IU/kg Moderate bleed joint, muscle, GIT, minor surgery 20 IU/kg Major bleed (e.g.cerebral) 40 IU/kg Prophylaxis for major surgery 60 IU/kg Adverse effects fever, hemorrhage, hypertension, bradycardia, edoma, hypersensitivity, injection site pain, arthrosis Drug interactions anti-inhibitorcoagulant complex, factor IX complex
|
Factor IX |
Hemophilia B Mild bleed factor IX concentrate 2 x 500 IU daily then Review Major bleed factor IX concentrate 3-6 x 500 IU daily then Review Adverse effects headache, dizziness, nausea, urticaria, dyspnea, allergic reaction, flushing , fever Drug interactions contraindicated-prothrombin complex concentrate,tranexemic acid injection serious-tranexemic acid oral |
Famciclovir |
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus(250mg tablet) 500mg 3 times per day 7 days Acute herpes zoster(shingles) 500mg po 3 times a day for 7days(initiate within 72hrs of symptoms or lesion onset Herpes labialis, genital herpes 250mg po 3 times a day for 7 to 10 days Prevention of Herpes siplex virus reactivation in HIV positive patients 500mg po twice per day Adverse effects headache, nausea, abdominal pain, pruritus, rash, parasthesia, neutropnea, fatigue Drug interactions contraindicated-varicella virus vaccine live, zoster vaccine live serious-talimogene laherparepvec monitor closely-digoxin,probenecid, raloxifene, tenofovir, minor-cimetidine, promethazine |
Fentanyl inj |
Surgery premedication 50-100mcg/dose or slow IV 30-60minutes prior to surgey General anasthesia minor procedure-0,5-2mcg/kg/dose IV major procedure-2-20mcg/kg/dose initially then 1-2mcg/kg/hr maintanance infusion IV. Discontinue infusion 30-60minutes prior to end of surgery Analgesia 1-2mcg/kg IV bolus or 25-100mcg/ dose PRN Adverse effects asthesia, confusion, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, somnolence, anorexia, anxiety, euphoria Drug interactions contrandicated-phenelzine, rasagiline, safanamide, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid serious-atazanivir, atracurium, chlorpromazine, cimetide,doxycycline, fluconazole, haloperidol monitor closely-atropine, carbamazepine, dexametahsone, efavirenz, furosemide, nevarapine, phenytoin, tinidazole
|
Ferrous sulphate |
babies born at <36 weeks gestation and/or <1.5kg starting at 1month (60mg/5mls = 12mg elemental iron /5mls) 3-6 mg/kg elemental iron once a day to age 3mths Severe acute malnutrition (Fe once a day 14 days) 4-<6kg 6mg 6 - <10kg 12mg 1-3yrs 18mg 3-5yrs 24mg Anaemia in hookworm ( once a day 30 days) 6 - <10kg 12mg 1-3yrs 18mg 3-5yrs 24mg Anaemia in pregnacy (prophylaxis in ANC) 200mg once a day Throughout pregnancy (treatment of microcytic anemia) 200 3 times a day Anaemia 200[60mg iron] (Paed = 12mg iron, <1yr = 6mg iron) 3 times a day for 1 month Adverse effects constipation, dark stool, nausea, stomach pain, vomiting, urine discolouration, contact irritation Drug interactions contraindicated- eltrombopag serious-doxycycline,gemifloxacin, tetracycline, ofloxacin,lymecycline monitor closely-cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, dolutegravir, esomeprazole, famotidine, levodopa, methydopa minor- calcium carbonate, carbidopa, manganese, calcium gluconate, didanosine, acetohydroxamic acid |
Fluconazole |
Cryptococcal meningitis Amphotericin B +fluconazole po 800mg Once a day 2 weeks then fluconazole po 800mg Once a day 8 weeks then Fluconazole po 200mg Once a day Until CD4 count >200 cells/mm3 for 6 months (If iv Amphotericin B is not available) :fluconazole po 1200 mg Once a day 2 weeks then fluconazole po 800mg Once a day 8 weeks then Fluconazole po 200mg Once a day Until CD4 count >200 cells/mm3 for 6 months Neonate under 2 weeks fluconazole po B V 6–12 mg/kg every 72 hours neonates2-4weeks fluconazole po 6–12 mg/kg every 48 hours Infant or Child fluconazole po 6–12 mg/kg (maximum 800 mg) daily Oesophageal candidiasis: fluconazole po 200mg Twice a day 7 – 14days Adverse effects headache, nauesea, rash, vomiting, rash, alopecia, angiodema,hypokalemia Drug interactions contraindicated-erythromycin, lovastatin, quinidine, simvastatin, serious-amiodarone, amitriptyline, chlopromazine, clopedogrel , colchicine, epinephrine, fentanyl monitor closely-amitripyline, artovastatin, carbamazepine, diazepam, diclofenac, indinavir minor-diazepam, efavirenz, gentamycin, ibuprofen,itraconazole, nifedipine, phenobarbital |
Fluoxetine |
Depresssion 20-80mg once daily in the morning with food for 2 weeks then assess Depression with psychomotor retardation, obsessive compulsive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder 20-60mg po once daily continual Panic disorder 10mg daily for the first week then 20mg po daily Adverse effects nausea,isomnia, anxiety , nervousness, diarrhoea, tremors, dizziness, somnolence Drug interactions contraindicated-artemether/ lumefantrine,goserelin, isocarboxazid, phenelzine, selegilin serious-amiodarone, amitriptyline,carvedilol, cimetidine, fentanyl, haloperidol, morphine monitor closely- aspirin, carbamazepine, celecoxib, diazepam, diclofenac, ibopreofen, metformin minor-codaine, losartan, marijuana, omeprazole, ritonavir, torsemide, furosemide, chloroquine
|
Flupentixol decanoate |
Organic psychosis 20mg as a test dose, then after at least 1 week 20 – 40mg every 2 – 4 weeks depending on response Adverse effects blurred vision, circular eye movements, tachycardia, muscle spasms of neck and back, hypotension, constipation, tremors, akathisia, extrapyramidal disorder Drug interactions serious-bromocriptine, carbamazepine, dopamine, fluoexitine, ketoconazole, levodopa monitor closely-albeterol, amitriptyline, atracurium, captopril, chlopheneramine, dexamethasone, insulin
|
Fluphenazine decanoate |
Organic psychosis 12.5mg as a test dose, followed after 2 weeks by 25 – 50mg once every 4 weeks, continual Adverse effects akathesia, dystonia, muscle stiffness, parkinsonism, tardive dsykinesia,confusion, decreased gag reflex, sedation, erectile dysfunction Drug intractions contraindications-cisapride, disopyramide, quinine, sotalol, procainamide, pentamide serious- amiodarone, amitriptyline, artemether/ lumefantrine, dopamine, fentanyl, epinephrine, fluconazole monitor closely-albuterol, amoxapine, atracurium, atropine, caffeinne, diazepam, haloperidol |
Fluticasone furoate intranasal spray |
Allergic rhinosinusitis 1 puff once a day for 1 month Adverse effects pharyngitis, fever,epistaxis, headache, nasal congestion, aches and pains, nasal ulcers Drug interactions serious-atazanivir, isoniazid, quinidine,ketoconazole,clarithromycin, voriconazole,nicardipine,darunivir monitor closely-letermovir,stiripentol
|
Folic acid |
Severe acute malnutrition <6kg 2.5mg once a day 14 days >6kg 5mg Pregnancy 5mg once a day Preconceptionally and up to 3 months of pregnancy Folic acid deficiency 5mg once a day 3 months and review Adverse effects broncospasms, erythema, malaise, pruritus, rash, slight flushing Drug interactions monitor closely-pyrimethamine, pancrelipase, green tea, glucarpidase, omodacycline minor-aspirin, carbazepine, estradiol, chlorothiazide, furosemide, metformin,phenytoin,sulfamethoxazole, phenobarbital |
Forscanet |
cataract surgery (24mg/ml) 90mg/kg infusion 12 hourly 2-3 weeks |
Fresh frozen plasma |
haemophilia B Minor bleed 4-6 bags every 24hrs if bleeding continues 8-12 bags every 12 hours then review Major bleed 8 – 12bags every 24hrs if bleeding continues liver disease 4 bags review Adverse effects headache, parasthesia, hemolytic transfusion reactions, allergic reactions, circulatory overload, septic reactions, pruritus, urticaria, transfusion related acute lung injury |
Frusemide |
Nephrotic syndrome : 40 – 80mg once a day, 5 days If no response: frusemide po or iv 40 – 200mg twice a day until resolution Apsrin/salycilate poisoning : frusemide iv 0.25-1mg/kg once review Cardiac failure : frusemide po 40-80mg 1-2 times a day long term Resistant hypertension 20-80 mg po twice per day Hyperkalemia in Advanced Cardiac Life Support(ACLS) 40-80mg IV Hypermagnesemia in ACLS 20-40mg IV 3-4hourly per rising need Adverse effects hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, anaphylaxis, glucose intolerence, hearing impairement, hypokalemia,hypotension, tinnitus Drug interactions serious-amikacin, gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, pottasium phosphate, paromomycin,netmilcin monitor cosely-acebutolol, albuterol, aspirin, beclomethasone, atenolol, acemetacin, amiloride |
Beclomethasone Inhaler |
COPD exercerbation 200mcg twice a day PRN Bronciectasis 200mcg twice daily Asthma 200-400mcg po twice or four times a day depending on severity
Adverse Effects- pharyngitis, headache, upper respiratory tract infection, vomiting,sinusitis, oral candidiasis Drug Interactions- Serious: BCG vaccine,tacrolimus ointment. Significant:Amphotericin B, chlorothiazide,frusemide, hydrochlorothiazide |
Benzhexol |
Parkinsonism 2-5mg 3 times a day review duration Side effects of antipsychotics 5mg po 1 to 2 times a day for 1 week Adverse effects anticholinergic side effects, suppurative parotitis, hallucinations, paralytic ileus Drug interactions serious-glycopyrronium tosylate topical, revefenacin, secretin, monitor closely-amitriptyline, atropine, chlopromazine, haloperidol, ipratropium minor-levodopa
|
Benzoyl peroxide |
Acne 5% gel apply every night then review Adverse effects contact dermatitis, erythema, peeling, skin dryness Drug interactions monitor closely-dapsone topical |
Benzyl benzoate |
Scabies in pregnant, lactating mothers and children less than 6 months 25% emulsion apply from neck down once at night for 3 nights Adverse effects giant hives, itchiness, rash, skin inflamation, stinging sensation of skin Drug interactions
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Benzyl penicillin |
Acute appendicitis, appendiceal abcess 2,5 MU four times a day Intestinal obstruction, acute cholecystitis, perforated duodenal ulcer 2,5MU iv four times a day Neonatal sepsis, severe pneumonia- 0,1MU/kg 6hourly Acute mastoiditis- 0,1MU/kg stat Diptheria- 0,1MU/kg 6 hourly for 7 days Adverse effects skin rashes, urticaria, pseudomembranous colitis, serum sicknesslike reactions Drug interactions methotraxate, rifambicin, rifabutin,combined oral contraceptive pills
|
Betamethasone |
Eczema 0,1 % in a base ointment Post Cataract Surgery 0,1% eye drops 1 drop 6 hourly for 6 weeks Adverse effects blurred vision, nervousness, cataracts, diavetis mellitus, pyschosis, osteoporosis, acne, myopathy, Drug interacations asprin, clotrimazole, gentamicin, neomycin, maganesium sulphate,vitamin B12 |
Biperiden |
Severe adverse reactions of antipsychotics 2 to 4mg im/iv 2-4mg once only Adverse effects dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, euphoria, urinary retension, constipation, nausea Drug interactions miperidine, amitriptyline, amoxapine, desipramine, cetrizine, clopheneramine
|
Bisacodyl |
Constipation 5-10mg nocte as required Adverse effects abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances, diarrhoea,nausea, rectal burning sensation, vertigo Drug interactions serious- sodium/ magnesium/potassium sulphate monitor closely-deflazacort, dichlorphrnamide, potassium citrate minor-potassium acid phosphate, potassium chloride |
Bisoprolol |
Heart Failure secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction 1.25-10mg once a day long term hypertension 2.5-5mg po once a day long term Adverse effects dizziness, insomnia, bradyarrhythmia, pharyngitis, hypotension, arthralgia Drug interactions serious-acebutolol,digoxin,atenolol, labetolol, verapamil, propranolol monitor closely-amiloride, asprin,amlodipine,atazanavir, calcium carbonate minor- cocaine, rifambin, guanabenz, adenosine, neostigmine, melatonin
|
Boric acid |
Bacterial Otitis Media 1% ear drops 3 drops twice daily for 7 days Adverse effects burning senstaion, watery discharge, redness, fever , chills, high blood pressure Drug interactions estrogen, magnesium supplememts
|
Bupivacaine hydrochloride |
Spinal Anaesthesia 2mg/kg Local Anaesthetic 2mg/kg local infiltration Adverse effects anginal pain, axiety, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, hypotension, miosis, nausea Drug interactions monitor closely- captopril, benazepril, nadolol, propranolol, timololnevirapine minor-hyaluronidase
|
Calamine lotion |
Scabies, Chicken Pox Apply as needed
Adverse Effects-irritation, pruritis |
Calcium gluconate /chloride |
Hyperkalaemia 10ml of 10% once then 50mls of 50% glucose + 10 units of short acting insulin over 10 mins
Adverse Effects-bradycardia, hypotension, headache, constipation, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting Drug Interactions: Contraindicated- ceftriaxone. Serious- doxycycline, tetracycline. Significant-amlodipine, atenolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, ciprofloxacin, digoxin, labetalol, levofloxacin, nifedipine, timolol |
Calcium Resonium |
Hyperkalaemia 45g as enema |
Captopril |
Acute Myocardial Infection 12.5-25mg twice daily Acute hypertension 12.5-25mg (may repeat per rising need) Congestive cardiac failure 6.25-12,5mg Left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction 6.25mg initially followed by12.5mg three times a day. increase to 25mgpo Diabetic neuropathy 25mg po three times a day Adverse effects hyperkalemia, hypersentivity reactions, hypotension, pruritus, cough, palpitations,tacycardia Drug interactions serious-allopurinol, asprin, celecoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin monitor closely- amiloride, amphoterin B, asprin, cacium carbonate, celecoxib, digoxin minor-chlopromazine, promethazine, tamsulosin, salicylates, thalidomide
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Carbamazepine |
Post herpetic Neuralgia 100-200mg po nocte for 10 days(increase dose to 400mg over 10 days) Epilepsy 800-1200mg once a day long term Bipolar mania 200mg po twice per day Schizophrenia 200-1300mg once a day times 8weeks Adverse effects ataxia, dizzines, drowsiness , nausea, dry mouth Drug interactions serious-atazanivir, artemether/ lumefantrine, efavirenz, diazepam, esomeprazole monitor closely- amitriptyline, amlodipine, atazanavir, carvedilol, ciprofloxacin, dexamethasone, minor- acetaminophen, amitriptyline, celecoxib, diclofenac, folic acid, ibuprofen
|
Cefixime |
Typhoid Fever 500 to 750mg po twice daily for 7 to 14 days Urethral Discharge In Men 400mg po single dose Otitis media,tonsillitis, pharyngitis, uncomplicated urinaty tract infection 400mg once a day times times one week Typhoid fever 15-20mg/kg/day po twice a day for 7-14days Adverse effects diarrheaa, candidiasis, dyspepsia, leukopnea, headache, pseudomembranous colitis, thrombocytopnea Drug interactions serious-BCG vaccine live, cholera vaccine, typhoid vaccine live, monitor closely-warfarin, estradiol, probenecid, estradiol,ethynynestradiol minor-asprin, chloramphenicol, furosemide, cyclopenthiazide,meloxicam
|
Ceftriaxone |
Surgical Prophylaxis 1g IV single dose Meningoccocal Meningitis Contacts 500mg im stat Urethral Discharge In Men 250mg im stat Vaginal Discharge 250mg im stat Ophthalmia Neonatorum 50mg/kg im stat Segmental/Lobar Pneumonia 1g IV twice daily for 7 days Klebsiella and other gram negative Pneumonia 1g IV twice daily for 10 to 14 days Native Valve Endocarditis 1g IV twice daily for 4 to 6 weeks Bacillary Desentry 1g IV twice daily for 5 days Pyogenic Liver Abscess 1g IV once a day Bleeding Oesophageal Varices 1g IV twice daily for 5 days Acute Pyelonephritis 1g IV once daily then review Bacterial Meningitis 1g IV twice daily for 14 days Acute Mastoiditis 80mg/kg im/IV stat Appendicitis, Appendiceal Mass 1g IV twice daily Intestinal Obstruction 1g IV twice daily Perforated Duodenal Ulcer 1g IV twice daily Adverse effects eosinophylia, thrombocytosis, diarrhea, anaemia, rash, anaphylaxis Drug interactions serious-BCG vaccine live, cholera vaccine, enoxaparin, heparin, warfarin, typhoid vaccine monitor closely-chloramphenicol, doxycycline, erythromycin, tetracycline, probenecid minor-furosemide, choline ,magnesium trisalicylate
|
Cefuroxime |
Caesarian Section Prophylaxis 750mg IV single dose Pharyngitis/tonsillitis/acute maxillary sinusitis 250mg po twice a day for 10days Acute bronchitis 250-500mg po twice a day 5-10days Uncomplicated pneumonia 750mg IV/IM three times a day Uncomplicated urinary tract infections 125-250mg po twice aday for 7-10days Gonorrhea 1gm po once or 1,5g IM once at 2 diffent sites Adverse effects decreased heamoglobin/hematocrit, eosinophilia, vaginitis, nausea, diapar rash, thrombophlebitis Drug interactions serious-cholera vaccine, enoxaparin, fondaparinax, heparin, warfarin, deltaparin monitor closely-azithromycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, cimetidine, ibuprofen, omeprazole minor-chloramphenicol, furosemide, choline magnesium trisalicylate
|
Cetirizine |
Allergic Rhinisinusitis 10mg po nocte for 7 days Urticaria/hay fever/allergies 5-10mg po once daily as required Adverse effects somnolence, headache, fatigue, dry mouth, broncospasm,vomiting, epstaxis Drug interactions serious-isocarboxazid, tranylcypromide monitor closely-ritonavir, hyaluronidase, phenelzine, clobazam, lomitapide, fostamatinib minor-theophylline, dyphylline
|
Ciprofloxacin |
Urinary Tract infection 500mg twice a day for 7 days Urinary Tract Surgery 500mg po single dose Cholera 20mg/kg twice daily for 3 days Post Miscarriage Sepsis 500mg po twice daily for 10 days Genital Ulcers 500mg po twice dily for 3 days Bloody Diarrhea 500mg po twice daily for 5 days Typhoid Fever 500mg po twice daily for 10 to 14 days(carriers for 4 weeks) Bacillary Dysentery 500mg po twice daily for 5 days Pyogenic Abscess 500mg po twice daily for 5 days Bacterial Eye Infection 0,3% eye drops 1 to 2 hourly for 2 days then reduce to 4 hourly for 12 days Bacterial Otitis Media eye drops 3 drops twice daily for 7 days Malignant Otitis Media 500mg po twice daily for 12 weeks Adverse effects nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, restlessness, allergic reactions, angina pectoris Drug interactions serious-cholera vaccine, mefloquine, theophylline, warfarin, monitor closely-amiodarone, artemether/lumefantrine, asprin, captopril, celecoxib, diclofenac, estradiol, metformin minor- diazepam, digoxin, pyridoxine, thiamine, vitamin K1
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Citalopram |
Depression 10-40mg po once daily in the morning for 2 weeks then assess Alcoholism 20-40mg po daily Generalised anxiety disorder 10mg po daily Hot flahses 10mg po daily, may increase to 20mg per day after one week Adverse effects dry mouth, somnolence, xerostomia, sweating, tremor, fatigue, dyspepsia Drug interactions serious-amitriptyline, clarihromycin, fentanyl, morphineSt John's Wort, rizatriptan monitor closely-activated charcoal,amiodarone, antithrombin III, celecoxib, diclofenac, furosemide minor-simeprevir |
Chloramphenicol |
Pyrexian of unknown origin 1g IV four times a day, review dose Surgical Prophylaxis 1g IV single dose Neonatal Sepsis 12,5mg/kg IV Laryngotracheobronchitis(croup) 12,5mg/kg IV 6 hourly for 7 days Infection in severe malnutrition 25mg/kg IV/IM 8 hourly for 5 days Pelvic Inflammatory disease 500mg IV 6 hourly for 2 to 3 days HIV related diarrhea 500mg po four times a day for 7 days Plague(Bubonic) 12,5 to 25 mg/kg in adults,6,25 to 12,5 mg/kg in paeds IV 6 hourly for 10 days Typhoid Fever 1g po four times a day for 14 to 21 days Bacterial Meningitis 500 mg IV 6 hourly for 14 days Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis, Corneal Abrasion, Corneal Ulcers 1% eye ointment four times a day for a week Bacterial Otitis Media 3 ear drops twice daily for 7 days Adverse effects nightmares, headache, rash, diarrhea, stomatitis, enterocolitis, aplastic anaemia, peripheral neuropathy Drug interactions BCG vaccine live, typhoid vaccine, lurasidone serious- cefoxime, warfarin, deferiprone, vilazodone monitor closely-ceftriaxone, estradiol, maraviroc, phenytoin, tinidazole minor-amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefaclor, cocaine, folic acid, penicillin, phenobarbital |
Chlorhexidine Oral |
Oral Ulcers/gingivitis 0.2% mouth rinse 2-4 times a day Adverse effects oral irritation, staining of tooth, bronchitis, stomatitis, altered taste Drug interactions monitor closely- digoxin, estradiol, estropipate, conjugated estrogens, mestranol minor-pyridoxine, thaimine, vitamin K1, biotin, pantothenic acid |
Chloroquine |
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenille Chronic Arthritis, SLE 150mg base po once a day continuous/review Malaria prophylaxis 500mg (300mg base) once per week Amebiasis, extraintestinal 1g po daiy for 2 days then 500mg daily for 14-21days Porphyria cutanea tarda 125-250 mg po twice weekly Adverse effects hypersensitivity, psoriasis, visual field changes Drug interactions serious-cimetidine, apalutamide, dacomitinib, influenza vaccine trivalent monitor closely-ampicillin, asprin, bupropion, carvedilol, ciprofloxacin, codaine, efavirenz minor-BCG vaccine live, chlorpromazine, diptheria and tetanus toxoids, hepatitis B vaccine, praziquantel, promethazine |
Chlorpheniramine |
Allergic Rhinosinusitis 4mg po three times a day for 7 days Scabies, Chicken Pox, Eczema, Urticaria 4mg po three times a day for 3 days(in paeds 0,1mg/kg) Anaphylaxis 10mg in 1L normal saline/ringers lactate 6 hourly for 24 hours Adverse effects CNS depression, drowsiness, dizziness, epigatsric distress, anorexia, tachycardia, dysuria Drug interactions serious-apalutamide, eluxadoline, isocarboxid, ivacaftor, sodium oxybate monitor closely-amitriptyline, codaine, diazepam, dopamine, fentanyl, haloperidol, phenobarbital minor-ashwadanda, eucalyptus, brimonidine, nettle, sage |
Chlorpromazine |
Psychosis 50 to 200mg 2 to 3 times a day continual Nausea and vomiting 10-25mg po three times a day 25-50mg IV/IM three times a day Intractable hiccups 25-50mg po three times a day, if persistant after 2-3 days give 25-50mg IV 4hrly, if persistant 25-50mg IV infusion slowly with patient lying flat in bed, monitor BPs Adverse effects extrapyramidal symptoms(akathisia, dystonia, muscle stiffness, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia), weight gain, sedation, erectile dysfunction, amenorrhea Drug interactions serious-amiodarone, amitriptyline, epinephrine, fentanyl, fluconazole, haloperidol, ketoconazole monitor closely-albeterol, atracurium, atropine,ciprofloxacin, codaine, diazepam minor-atropine, captopril, celecoxib, chloroquine, enalapril, marijuana, ritonavir
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Clarithromycin |
Peptic Ulcer Disease 400mg po twice daily for 2 weeks Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis 250-500mg po twice a day for 7-14days Acute maxillary sinusitis 500mg po twice a day for 14days Mycobacterial infection 500mg po twice a day for 7-14days Pharyngitis/tonsillitis 250mg po twice a day for 10days Community acquired pneumonia 250mg po twice a day for 7-14days Skin infection 250mg po twice a day for 7-14 days Endocarditis 500mg po 30-60mins before a procedure Adverse effects abnormal taste, .nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, dyspepsia, headache, anapylaxis Drug Interactions serious-amiodarone, amitriptyline, artovastatin, cholera vaccine, diazepam, digoxin, eryrthromycin monitor closely-amlodipine, atazanavir, bromocriptine, cimetidine, dexamethasone, efavirenz, fluoxetin minor-efavirenz, fluconazole, griseofulvin, metronidazole,nevirapine, penicillin |
Clindamycin |
Septic Athritis, Acute Osteomyelitis 600mg IV three times daily for 4 to 6 weeks Compound Fracture 600mg IV 3 times daily for 5 days Toxoplasmosis 600mg po four times a day for 6 weeks Breast Abscess 300-600mg IV three times a day for 2 days, then po for 5 days Mastitis 450mg po three times a day for 7 days Adverse effects abdominal pain, agranulocytosis, eosinophyllia, hypersensitivity, steven Johnson's syndrome, hypotension Drug interactions serious-atracurium, cholera vaccine, succinylcholine, vecuronium, tubocurarine, monitor closely-digoxin, estradiol, warfarin, levonogerstrel, mestranol, ospemifene minor-erythromycin, pyridoxine, thiamine, pantothenic acid, biotin, |
Clofazimine |
Leprosy 50mg po once daily for 12 months(0,5-1mg/kg in paeds) and 300mg once a month for 12 months (5-10mg/kg in paeds) (supervised dose) Erythema Nodosum Leprosum 100mg po three times daily for 3months then 100mg po twice daily for 3 months then 100mg po once a day for 6 months Adverse effects skin discolouration, abdominal pain, ichthyosis, rash, pruritus, urine discoloration, conjuctival and corneal pigmentation Drug intrarctions serious-ivosidenib, macimorelin, ribociclib monitor closely-gemtuzumab, lofexidine, oxaliplatin, magnesium oxide minor-rifampin
|
Clonapine |
Psychosis 50-100mg po 1-2 times a day long term |
Clonazepam |
Tardive Dyskinesia 0.25-5mg po upto 1mg per day long term Anxiety Disorders 0,5mg po upto three times daily for upto two weeks Adverse effects somnlence, ataxia, depression, dizziness, fatigue, confusion, rhinitis, coughing Drug interactions serious-apalutamide, hydrocodone, ivacaftor, valerian, monitor closely- albeterol, amitriptylline, atazanivir,cimetidine, codaine, diazepam,epinephrine minor-ciprofloxacin, omeprazole, rifabutin, valproic acid, succinylcholine, vecuronium
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Clopidogrel |
Acute Myocardial Infection 75-300mg once daily as required Vascular Disease 75mg once daily Adverse effects upper respiratory tract infections, headache, dizziness, rash, diarrhea, rhiniitis, depression Drug interactions serious- asprin, carbamazepine, efavirenz, erythromycin, isoniazid, omeprazole, rifambin monitor closely-asprin, atazanavir, celecoxib ,cimetidine,dexamethasone, fluconazole, heparin, lumefantrine minor-ginger, phenytoin, salicylates, torsemide, ethotoin, tolbutamide |
Clotrimazole |
Vaginal Discharge in Pregnancy pessary 500mg once daily for 3 days Fungal Otitis Media 3 ear drops once daily for 7 days Tinea Corporis, Tenia Pedis 1% cream apply 2-3 times daily for 7 or more days after resolved Adverse effects abnormal liver function tests, nausea, vomiting, burning sensation of skin, vaginal irritation Drug interactions serious-bosutinib, warfarin, eliglustat monitor closely-amitriptylline, artovastatin, azithromycin,chlorpromide, digoxin, gentamycin minor-cyclosporine, gentamycin, kanamycin, phenobarbital, rifampin,tacrolimus, strptomycin |
Cloxacillin |
Staphylococcal Pneumonia 1-2g IV 6 hourly for 14 days Empyema 1g IV 6 hourly for 10 to 14 days Prosthetic valve and culture positive endocarditis(staphylococcal) 2g IV 6 hourly for 4-6 weeks Septic Arthritis, Acute Osteomyelitis 1-2g IV 6 hourly for 4-6 weeks Compound Fracture 1-2g IV 6 hourly for 5 days Impetigo 250-500mg(paeds 125-250) po four times daily for 7-10 days Furunculosis, Acute Cellulitis, Acute Paronychia 250-500mg(paeds 125-250) po four times daily for 7 days Breast Abscess 500mg IV 6 hourly for 2 days then po for 5 days Mastitis 500mg po four times daily for 7 days Adverse effects nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, bloating, stomach upset, diarrhea Drug interactions gentamycin, tobramycin, methrotraate, tetracycline, doxycylline, warfarin, typhoid vaccine
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Coal tar ointment |
Psoriasis 5% ointment in salicylic acid 2% apply twice a day as needed Seborrhea dermatitis Apply sparingly to affected area upto 4times per day.Decrease frequency to 2-3 times per week once improvement observed. Adverse effects stinging/burning skin, desquamation, follicutlitis, photosensitivity cautions topical use only, avoid contact with eyes, avoid inflammed or broken skin, avoid exposure to sunlight, keep away from fire |
Co-amoxiclavulanic acid |
Lung Abcess, Empyema 625mg po 3 times a day Lower repiratory tract infection 500mg po twice a day for 10days Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 500mg po tree times a day Acute bacterial sinusitis 200mg po twice a day for dancing Animal/human bite, skin abcess, pyelonephritis 875mg po twice a day or 500mg po three times a day for 3-5 days Adverse effects diarrhoea, nausea, mycosis, candidiasis, vaginitis, anaphylaxis, agranulocytosis, pseudomembranous colitis Drug interactions serious:BCG vaccine live, cholera vaccine, doxycycline, tetracycline, typhoid vacine monitor closely:acyclovir, asprin, hydrochlorothiazide, methotraxte, warfarin, sulfasalazine minor:azithromycin, chloramphenicol, pyridoxine, clarithromycin, amiloride
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Codeine phosphate |
HIV Related Diarrhea 30-60mg po upto 4 times a day for 7 days Acute Gastroenteritis 30mg po three times daily review Moderate Pain 15-60mg po 4 hourly as required Peripheral Sensory Symptoms 30-60mg po 6 hourly as required Adverse effects light-headedness, dizziness, sedation,nausea , vomiting, euphoria, constipation, dysphoria, pruritus Drug interactions alcohol, prochlorperazine, chlopromazine, trifluperazine, |
Colchicine |
Acute Gout 0.5-1mg po upto 6 times a day for 2 days Chronic Gout 0,5mg po twice daily for 7 days Adverse effects fatigue, pharyngolaryngeal pain, headache, disseminated intravascular coagulation, myelosuppresion Drug interactions serious-amiodarone, atazanavir, atorvastatin, carbamazepine, digoxin monitor closely- dexamethasone,grisiofulvin, hydrocortisone, lumefantine, nevirapine minor-efavirenz, cyanocobalamin |
Combined oral contraceptive pill |
Emergency Oral Contraception 2 tablets(50mcg ethinyloestradiol, 150-250mcg levonogestrel) repeat after 12 hours OR 4 tablets (30-35mcg ethiniloestradiol,150-250mcg levonogestrel) repeat after 12 hours Adverse effects intermenstrual spotting, nausea, breast tenderness, headaches, weight gain, mood swings drug intractions carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, rifambicin, ethosuximide, primidone Medicines made less effective by combimbed oral contraceptives phenytoin, imipramine, methyldopa, corticosteroids, diazepam
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Cotrimoxazole |
Prophylaxis In HIV 960mg po once daily for life/ until CD4>350 for 6 months Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia 1920mg po three times daily for 21 days Adverse effects anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hyperkalemia, urticaria, steven Johnson syndrome, hyponatremia Drug interactions serious-amiodareone, antithrombin III, cholera vaccine, enoxaparin, heparin, fondaparinux monitor closely-amiloride, asprin, caevedilol, chlopromazine, cimetidine, digoxin, efavirenz, fluconazole minor-azathioprine, celecoxib, dapsone,ganciclovir, hydrochlorothiazide, losartan, metformin
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Cryoprecipitate |
Hemophillia A 6 bags per dose every 24-48 hours if bleeding continues Adverse effects hemolytic transfusion reactions, allergic reactions, septic reactions, circulatory overload, post transfusion purpura |
Cyclopentolate |
Cataract 0.5% or 1% eye drops 1-3 drops stat pre-op Mydriasis/ cycloplegia 1-2 drops in the eye, repeat in 5minutes per rising need Adverse effects blurred vision, light intolerence, tachycardia, conjuctivis, raisef intraocular pressure, drowsiness Drug interactions fluticasone, salmeterol, alcohol, co-amocyclav, cotrimoxazole, furosemide,gabapentin, esomeprazole, paracetamol |
Dextrose |
Hypoglycemia 50% slow IV infusion 1ml/kg or 4 ml/kg/hr of 10% dextrose Acute Liver Failure 3L per day of 10% infusion Hyperkalaemia 50ml 0f 50% IV plus 10units of short acting insulin Adverse effects hyperosmolality, edema, fever, tachypnea, diarrhoea, cerebral oedema, phlebitis, cerebral hemorrhage Drug interactions minor-magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate |
Gamma benzene hexachloride |
Scabies gamma benzene hexachloride 1% lotion apply from neck down once and wash off after 24hrs once only Pubic lice gamma benzene hexachloride 1% lotion C V Wash off after 24hrs Reapply 7 to 10 days later to kill hatched lice Adverse effects local irritation, cardiac arrhythmia, ataxia, dizziness, pain, seizures, alopecia, urticaria, nausea, vomiting, aplastic anaemia Drug interactions Antidepressants,Theophylline,Cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus capsules, Penicillins, imipenem, quinolone antibiotics, Chloroquine sulfate, pyrimethamine, Isoniazid, Meperidine,Radiographic contrast agents,Methocarbamol |
Ganciclovir |
Cytomegalovirus retinitis 5mg/kg infusion 12 hourly 14-21 days Adverse effects neutropnea, anaemia, thrombocytopnea, neuropathy, pruritus, sepsis, confusion, retinal detachment Drug interactions contraindicated- zidovudine serious-abacavir, bacitracin, imipenem monitor closely-acalabrutinid, altretamine, doxorubucin, emtricitabine, hydroxyuria, tenofovir minor-acyclovir, amphotericin B, aspirin, celecoxib, diclofenac,hydrochlorothiazide, ibuprofen, mefenemic acid, vincristine |
Gentamycin |
Septicemia 4–5mg /kg once a day max 2 weeks Neonatal sepsis 2.5mg/kg 5 days <1000gm once every 24hrs >1000gm every 12hrs <1200gm every 12hrs >1200gm every 8hrs Severe pneumonia 5-7mg/kg Once daily 10 days Retropharyngeal abcess 6mg/kg 24 hourly 7 days Empyema/lung abcess, mastoiditis 5-7mg/kg 24 hourly 14 days Severe pelvic inflamatory disease 60mg 12 hourly 48-72hrs Atypical pneumonia 120mg 12 hourly 10-14 days Peritonitis 4mg/kg once a day 5-10 days Acute pyelonephritis 4-7mg/kg once a day review Eye infection 0.3% eye drops 1 drop 2-6 hourly 14 days Burns 80mg 8 hrly review Adverse effects neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, edema, rash, itching, reddening of skin, allergic reactions, erythema Drug interactions contraindications-agalsidase alfa/beta, BCG vaccine live, typhoid vaccine serious-amphotericin B, atracurium, furosemide, neomycin, quinidine, vecuronium monitor closely-acetabutolol, acyclovir, albetorol, aspirin, bisoprolol, carvedilol, digoxin, furosemide, ibuprofen,losartan,nifedipine minor-celecoxib, diclofenac, itraconazole, magnesium sulphate, pyridoxine, salicylates,vancomycin |
Glibenclamide |
Diabetes 2.5-10mg once or twice a day long term Adverse effects hypoglycemia, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting,dermatologic reactions, abdominal pain, flatulence, depression, urticaria Drug interactions contraindicated-ethanol serious-aminolevulinic acid oral/ topical, ivosidenib, lumacaftor, mrthyl aminolevulinate monitor closely-aceclofenac, aspirin, aripiprazole, atazanavir, calcium carbonate, captopril, celecoxib, cimetidine, diclofenac, fluconazole, ibuprofen, mefenemic acid, probenecid minor-amitriptyline, chloramphenicol, clonidine, isoniazid, omeprazole, prednisolone, sulfasalazine |
Gliclazide |
Diabetes 80-160mg once or twice a day long term Adverse effects abdominal pain, mucle pain, constipation, headache, heartburn, nausea, vomiting,headache, dizziness, hypoglycemia Drug interaction abiraterone, acetylsalicylic acid(ASA), enalapril, alcohol, amiodarone, losartan, aripiprazole, carbamazepine, fluticasone, dexamethasone,danazole,efavirenz,ranitidine,mifepristone |
Glycerine suppository |
Constipation 2-2,8 g suppository per rectal as required - retain for about 15minutes or as directed Adverse effects burning sensation, cramping pain, rectal irritation, tenesmus |
Diazepam |
Acute Alcoholic Mania 10mg slow IV infusion immediately then 5mg every 5 mg until controlled, then 5-10 mg 8 hourly as required Alcohol Withdrawal with Seizures 0,05-0,1mg/kg IV as required Anxiolysis 5-10mg po/ 0,2mg/kg slow IV infusion Convulsion 0,3kmg/kg IV/PR once Bleeding Oesophageal Varices 5-15mg IV as necessary Status Epilepticus 10mg IV(in paeds 5mg) over 2-3 min(may be repeated after 5 min, maximum dose 40mg) Psychosis,Mood Affective Disorders Rapid Tranquilisation 5-10mg IV/im can be repeated after 6 hours until calm and can be given orally Extrapyramidal Side Effects 5-10mg po 1-2 times a day for 7 days Alcohol Dependence 10mg IV once daily, then 20-40mg po once daily, reduce by 5mg every other day for 7 to 14 days Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 0,05-0,1mg/kg IV as required, maximum 30mg Adverse effects euphoria, incoordination, somnolence, diarrhea, rash, hypotension, fatigue, respiratory depression, blurred vision Drug interactions serious-carbazepine, cimetidine, clarythromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole monitor closely-amitriptyline, atazanavir, artemether/lumefantrine,codeine, efavirenz,haloperidol minor-paracetamol,fluconazole,labetolol, omeprazole,phenobarbital,rifambin,
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Glyceryl trinitrate |
Stable Angina pectoris Sub-lingual 500mcg not more than 3 tablets every 15 mins Unstable angina iv 10-20mcg /min infusion as required Adverse effects headache, hypotension, tachycardia, dizziness, lightheadedness, blurred vision, xerostomia, syncope, thrombocytopnea, prolonged bleeding time, exfoliative dermatitis, syncope, nausea/vomiting Drug interactions contraindicated- sildenafil, avanafil, riociguat, tadalafil, vardenafil serious-carbegolin, ergoloid mesylates, ergonovine, lofexidine, methylergonovine, minor closely- arginine, benazepril, captopril, maraviroc, tetracaine, dapsone cream minor-acetylcysteine
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Diclofenac |
Post Operative Pain 25-50mg po three times a day/ 25-100mg pr twice daily review Back And Neck Pain, Arthritis 25-50mg po three times a day, review Adverse effects constipation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain/cramps,dyspepsia, agranulocytosis, tinnitus, aplastic anaemia Drug interactions serious-captopril, methotraxte, tacrolimus, enalapril, ketorolac monitor closely-amiloride, asprin, atazanavir, captopril,carvedilol, ciprofloxacin minor-carbamazepine,celecoxib,cimetidine, furosemide, ibuprofen, mefenemic acid
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Glycopyrrolate |
reversal of non-depolarising neuromuscular blockade 200mcg/1mg of neostigmine Drooling 0.1mg/kg po twice a day Adverse effects dry mouth, anhidrosis, photophobia, palpitations, xerophathalmia, constipation, urinary retention, mydriasis, cardiac arrythmia,angioedema, dysphonia Drug intraractions contraindicated- pramlintine, umeclidinium bromide serious-glycoprronium tosylate, macimorelin, revefenacin, secretin, monitor closely-aclidinium, amantadine, amitriptyline, atenolol, atropine,chlopramazine, chlopramine, digoxin,fluphenazine,haloperidol,levodopa,metformin minor-desipramine,promethazine, thioridazone, rimantidine, prochlorperazine, galantamine, proazine |
Griseofulvin |
Tinea pedis 500mg once a day 8 weeks [Paed = 10mg/kg] Tinea capitis 500mg once a day 14 days [Paed = 10mg/kg] Adverse effects rash, urticaria, fatigue, headache, dizzines, insomnia, mental confusion, nausea, photosensitivity, leukopnea, hepatotoxicity,nephrosis,parasthesia Drug intractions contraindicated-ergotamine, lovastitin, erythromcin, lovastatin,sertindole,simvastatin, terfenadine serious-aminolevulinic acid, athinylestradiol, segesterone, ulipristal monitor closely-amiodarone, arirpirazole, aspirin, atorvastatin, carbamazepine, clopidogrel, darunavir, dexamethasone, diltiazem, estradiol, indinavir, levonorgestrel,maraviroc, nicardipine, predinisolone,sildenafil minor-amitriptyline, amlodipine, clarithromycin,cyclosporine,efavirenz,finasteride, imipramine, ketoconazole,nifedipine,paclitaxel,quinine,
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Digoxin |
Chronic Heart Failure, Arrhythmias after MI 0.25-0.5mg 3 times a day first 24 hours then 0.125-0.25mg(paeds 0,01mg/kg) once a day long term Adverse effects dizziness, diarrhea, headache, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, visual disturbances Drug interactions serious- amiodarone, atenolol, esomeprazole, propranolol, timolol, verapamil monitor closely-acebutolol,asprin, atropine, captopril, carvedilol,clindamycin minor- cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, ibuprofen, magnesium sulfate, cyclosporin, clarythromycin |
Dihydralazine |
Severe Hypertension 6.25-25mg IV/im prn until desired BP(measure BP ever 5-10 minutes) Adverse effects hypotension, palpitations, vomiting, chest pain,paralytic ileus, vascular collapse Drug interactions serious- lofexidine monitor closely-acebutolol, asprin, atenolol,ibuprofen, levodopa, tinidazole, minor-pyridoxine, celiprolol, tizanidine, brimonidine, forskolin |
Dobutamine |
Cardiac Failure 2-20mcg/kg/min Adverse effects hypertension, tachyarrhythmia, angina, dyspnea, fever, palpitations, hypokalemia Drug interactions serious-amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxapram, isoflurane, ether, ergotamine monitor closely-acebutolol, amiloride,asprin,bromocriptine, celecoxib, chlopromazine, diclofenac minor-furosemide, bumetanide, desmopressin, indapamide, hydrochlorothiazide, eucalyptus
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Dopamine |
Shock 2-20mcg/kg/min IV slowly Adverse effects arrhythmia, tacycardia, dyspnea, nausea , vomiting, azotemia Drug interactions serious-amitriptyline, chlopromazine,desipramine, haloperidol, isoflurane monitor closely-bromocriptine, caffeine, chlopromazine, codeine, digoxin, ethanol,methyldopa minor- desmopressin, eucalyptus, sage
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Doxazocin |
Hypertension 4-16mg once a day long term Benign prostatic hyperplasia 1mg po daily. may titrate by doubling daily dosesat 1-2 weeks intervals to a maximum of 8mg/ day Adverse effects dizziness, fatigue, headache, vertigo, abdominal pain, anxiety, palipitations Drug interactions serious-sildenafil, tamsulosin,vardenafil monitor closely-acetaminophen, asprin, celecoxib, diclofenac, iboprufen, levodopa,nifedipine minor-brimonidine, ethanol, phenylephephrine, tizanidine, treprostinil |
Labetalol |
Pregnancy induced hypertension due for induction of anaesthesia and severe hypertension: IV Labetalol continuos infusion (total dose should not exceed 300 mg)20 mg IVI stat over 2 mins, then 10-80 mg IVI every ten minutes until desired BP level achieved then 2 mg IVI per minute by Lactulose po 30-50ml 3 times a day Hypertension 100mg po twice a day Adverse effects dizzines, lightheadedness, nausea, fatigue, parastesia, diaphoresis, hypotension,elevated live enzymes, edema, bronccospasm, dyspnea, angioedeema, hepatitis, urinary retension contraindicated-iobenguanel serious- acebutolol, atenolol, carvedilol, propranolol, satolol, timolol, vilanterol, lofexidine monitor closely-aceclofenac, albuterol, amiloride, aspirin, atazanavir, calcium carbonate, carbidopa, celecoxib, chlorothiazide,digoxin,furosemide, gentamuvin, hydralazine, ibuprofen, ketamine, levodopa,nicardipine,piroxicam, spironolactone, theophylline, verapamil minor-adenosine, brimonidine, diazepam, melatonin, neostigmine, sildenafii, vardenafil,yohimbe,tizanidine
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Doxycycline |
Severe Acne 100mg once a day for 2-4 months Post Miscarriage Sepsis, Acute Epidydimo-orchitis, Plague 100mg po twice daily for 10 days Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, STI Prophylaxis for sexual assault survivors, Urethral Discharge In Men, Vaginal Discharge 100mg po twice daily for 7 days Genital Ulcers 100mg po twice daily for 20 days Lymphogranuloma Venerium, Syphillis 100mg po twice daily for 14 days Anthrax, Tick Typhus 200mg po first dose then 100mg po once daily for 7 days Malaria second line, COPD exercerbation 100mg po once daily for 7 days Acute Liver Failure 100mg po twice daily until recovery Adverse effects anorexia, dental discolouration, diarrhea, hypoglycemia, hemolytic anaemia, nausea, neutropnea Drug interactions serious-amoxicillin, ampicillin, calcium gluconate,fentanyl, penicillin, sodium bicarbonate monitor closely-ceftriaxone, digoxin,estradiol,methotraxate, tamsulosin minor-antithrombin III, ethanol, fondaparinux,heparin,phenytoin,warfarin, pyridoxine |
Lamotrigine |
Bipolar affective disorder 50-200mg 2 times a day continual Seizure disorder 50mg po daily for two weeks then 100mg po twice a day for 2 weeks then 100mg po daily Adverse effects dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, rhinitis, somnolence, insomnia, chest pain, fatigue, suicidal ideation, dermatitis, migraine, tremor, palpitations monitor closely- atazanavir, carbamazepine, astradiol, fluoxetine, lopinavir, mestranol, phenobarbital, rifampin, valproic acid, vilazodone Minor-acetaminophen, atracurium, biotin, cisatracurium, lecocarnitine, succinylcholine, vecuronium, tubocurarine |
Duloxetine |
Depression 30mg po once daily in the morning with food continual Diabetic peripheral neuropathy 60mg/ day orally inna single dose or devided 12 hourly Chronic musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia 30-60mg po for a week Adverse effects nausea, vomiting, headache, somnolence, fatigue, constipation, insomnia, agitation, anxiety,blurrred vison, Drug interactions serious-amitriptyline,carbamazepine, cimetidine,fluoxtin,metochlopramide, omeprazole monitor closely-asprin, captopril, celecoxib,ciprofloxacin,diclofenac, ergotamine, ibuprofen minor-carvedilol, chlopromazine, furosemide,haloperidol,lithium, promethazine
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Levobunolol hydrochloride |
Open-angle glaucoma 0.5% eye drops 1-2 drop 12 hourly continually Adverse effects mild ocular stinging, ataxia, burning sensation, blepharitis, conjuctivitis, erythema, iridocylitis, taering, urticaria, ptosisi, cerebral ischemia, hypersensitivity reactions Drug Interactions digoxin, clonidine, propranolol, diltiazem, epinephrine,fingolimod, phenothiazines, prochlorperazine |
Emulsifying ointment |
Eczema as a soap substitute |
Levocarb(Levodopa 250mg+ carbidopa 25mg) |
Parkinsonism and parkinson like disorders (sinemet)25mg/100mg po three times a day or 10mg/100mg 3-4 times a day carbidopa must be 70-100mg/ day not to exced 200mgper day levodopa must not exceed 800mg/day Adverse effects edema, agitation, ataxia,bruxism, confusion, dyskinesia, dystonia, euphoria, insomnia, fainting, malaise, nightmares, testlesssness, trismus, vivid dreamsalopecia, hot flushes Drug interactions contraindicated-isocarboxazid, phenelzine, selegiline, procarbazine,tranylcypromine serious-aripiprazole, chlorpromazine, clozapine, droperidole, haloperidole, linezolid,methyline blue, olanzapine, paliperidone, promethazine, risperidone, trifluoperazine monitor closely-acebiutolol, amiloride, amlodipine, atenolol, atropine, captopril, carvedilol, cyclazine, diltiazem, doxazosin, enalapril, esmolol, furosemide, hydralazine, losartan, methyldopa, metoprolol, metoclopramide, olmesartan, phenytoin, minor-atropine, benztropine, ferrous sulphate, ipratropium, oxybutin, sapropterin, oxybutin, mepenzolate, homatropine
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Levonorgestrel |
Implant 2 rods once only in 5yrs oral 750mcg 1 tablet repeat after 12 hrs Adverse effects headache, acne, amenorrhea, abdominal pain, vulvovaginitis, depression, migraine, alopecia, breats tenderness, menorrhagia, pelvic pain, angioedema, uterine bleeding, dysmerrhea, failed insertion Drug interactions serious-antithrombin III, argotroban, darunavir, enoxaparin, fondaparinux, warfarin, protamine, phenindione, bivaluridin monitor closely-atazanivir, carbamazepine, efavirenz, etravirine, griseofulvin, insulin, metformin, mifepristone,nevirapine, phenytoin, rifambin, tesamorelin
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Enoxaparin |
Oedematous and bed ridden 40mg once daily as required Adverse effects hemorrhage, fever,thrombocytopnea, atrial fibrillation,pilmonary edema Drug interaction serious-azithromycin, ceftriaxone, clathromycin, heparin, levonorgestrel significant-asprin, captopril, carbamazepine, celecoxib, diclofenac, enalapril |
Lignocaine |
Local anaesthesia: lignocaine 1% local infiltration Up to max of 10ml once lignocaine HCl 2% plain max = 3mg/kg 2-10 min 1-2 hours lignocaine HCl 2% + adrenaline 1: 200 000 max = 7mg/kg 2-10 min 1-2 hours lignocaine hydrochloride Inj 3mg/kg without adrenaline 7mg/kg with adrenaline Ventricular tachycardia lignocaine iv 75-100mg stat, then 4mg/min for 30 mins, then 1-2mg/min for 12-24 hours 30mins then 1-2mg/min for 12-24 hours Arrhythmias lignocaine 2% iv (preservative free) 500mg over 2-4mins, then 1-2mg/min by infusion Cardiac arrest lignocaine HCl preservative-free iv 100mg iv [or 200mg endotracheal tube], and repeat DC shock 360joules. If defibrillation is successful, to maintain a stable rhythm: (stable VT, significant ectopy, wide complex tachycardias) lignocaine HCl preservative-free iv infusion 4 mg/minute for 1 hour, then 2 mg/minute for 2 hours, and 1 mg/minute thereafter Local incisions lignocaine 1% local infiltration Up to max of 10ml once Adverse effects arrythmias, hypotension, agitation, confusion, dizziness, parasthesia, seizures, tinnitus, skin lesions, urticaria, pyschosis, nervousness, euphoria, lightheadedness, disorientation, heartblock, cardivascular collapse, respiration depression Drug interactions axitinib, busotinib, fluvoxamine, fosamprenavir, mefloquine, phenytoin, pimozide, pamalidomide, bupivacaine, |
Lisinopril |
Hypertension(second line) 5-40mg once a day long term Advere effects dizziness, cough, headache, hyperkalemia, diarrhoea, hypotension, chest pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting,psoriasis, anuria, alopecia Drug Interactions contraindicated-aliskiren, protein of column, sacubitril/valsartan serious- aspirin, azilsartan, candesartan, celecoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketorolac, losartan, mefenemic acid, piroxicam, valsartan, monitor closely-albiglutide, alfuzosin, amiloride, avanafil, bumetanide, carbidopa,digoxin, furosemide, glipizide, heparin, insulin, ketorolac, lithium, maraviroc, prazosin, sulfasalazine, tadalafil,trimethoprim minor-acetamin, chlopromazine, fluphenazine, probenecid, promazin, rifampin, salicylates, tolfenamic acid
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Ephedrine sulphate |
Hypotension Secondary to anaesthesia Increments of 5mg IV until BP has been restored Adverse effects nausea,tachycardia, reactive hypertension, dizziness, restlessness Drug interactions serious-amitryptiyline, isolurane, carbagoline, desflurane, sevoflurane significant- acetazolamide, amitriptyline, asprin, atenolol, celecoxib, |
Lithium carbonate |
Bipolar affective disorder po 250mg-1g at night continual Adverse effects leukocytosis, dry mouth, polyuria, confusion, headache, decreased memory, muscle twitch, vertigo, hyperreflexia, extrapyramidal symptoms, acne, hair thinning, coma, lethargy, seizures, renal toxocity Drug interactions serious- azilsartan, candesartan, isocarboxid, linezolid, losartan, mefloquine, valsartan, valazodone,olmesartan, linezolid monitor closely-amitriptyline, aspirin, captopril, celecoxib, clozapine, cocaine, desipramine, diclofenac, enapril, fluphenazine, haloperidol, ibuprofen, insulin,ketorolac, mefenemic acid, promethazine minor-atracurium,clomipramine, desipramine, imipramine, lofepramine, metronodazole, phenytoin, theophylline, vecuronium, verapamil |
Liquid paraffin |
Constipation 10-30ml as required |
Ergotamine |
Migraine Headache 1mg po at onset repeat once only after 1 hour if needed Adverse Effects-Abnormal heart valves, Angina, Arrhythmias, Vasoconstriction, Tachycardia, Rebound headaches, Abdominal pain, Paraesthesia, Possible Gangrene Drug Interactions:Contraindicated:-Clarithromycin, Glyceryl trinitrate, Itraconazole, Nitroglycerine, Voriconazole. Serious- Atazanavir, Artemether/Lumefantrine, Cimetidine, Carbamazepine, Cyclosporin, Dopamine, Efavirenz, Epinephrine, Erythromycin, Isoniazid, Isosobide dinitrate,Metronidazole, Nifedipine, Neverapine. Minor-Azithromycin
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Loperamide |
Chronic diarrhoea po 2- 4mg stat then 2mg per loose stool as needed Acute diarrhoea po 2mg <8mg/day Review Irritable bowel syndrome 2-8mg 2 times a day Review Adverse effects dizziness, fatigue, nausea, constipation, dry mouth, angioedema, rash, flatulence, pancreatitis, abdominal pain Drug interactions serious-fentanyl, eluxadoline, quinidine monitor closely-amiodarone, atorvastatin, clarithromycin, dronedarone, erythromycin, indinavir, itraconazole, lovastatin, phenobarbital, phenytoin,rifampin, simvastatin, verapamil minor-gemfibrozil |
Lorazepam |
Psychosis lorazepam inj 1-2 mg IMI (diluted with equal amount of water of injection or normal saline) Initially then can be repeated after 6hpurs Until calm and/or can be given oral medication Bipolar affective disorder lorazepam Im 1 – 2mg Initially then Till calm can be repeated After 6 hours Adverse effects sedation, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, confusion, drowsiness, amnesia, depression, suicidal ideation, ataxia, asthenia, extrapyramydal symptoms, respiratory depression, tremor, hypotension, impotence, jaundice, constipation Drug interactions serious-hydrocodone, sodium oxybate, valerian, sodium oxybate monitor closely-albeterol, amitriptyline, amobarbital, aripiprazole, baclofen, benzphetamine, caffeine, cannabidol, clonazepam, codeine, diazepam, dopamine, haloperidol, ketamine, loprazolam, melatonin, methadone, oxazepam, pimozide, promethazine, tramadol, trimipramine minor-acetaminophen, atracurium, esomeprazole, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, rifabutin, vecuronium, succinylcholine |
Erythromicin |
Ophthalmia Neonatorum 16mg/kg po 6 hourly for14 days Impetigo, Eryspelas 250-500mg(paeds 125-250mg) po four times a day for 7-10 days Acute Paronychia 250-500mg(paeds 125-250mg) po four times a day for 5 days Burns 500mg(12,5mg/kg) po four times a day, reassess after culture Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 500mg po four times a day for 10 days Granuloma Inguinale, Lymphogranuloma Venerium, Syphillis 500mg po four times a day for 14 days Congenital Syphillis 2,5mg/kg po four times a day for 10 days |
Losartan |
Hypertension(second line) po 25-100mg 1-2 times a day long term Adverse effects fatigue, hyopoglycemia, anaemia, chest pain, diarrhoea, weakness,cough, hypotension, dizziness, gastritis, cellulitis, gastritis, nausea, angioedema Drug Interactions contraindicated- aliskiren serious-apalutamide, captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, perindopril,quinapril, trandopril monitor closely-acetabutolol, amiloride, aspirin, atenolol, brimonidine, carvedilol, celecoxib, diclofenac, digoxin, enoxaparin, etravirine, fluconazole,gentamicin, ibuprofen, indomethacin,insulin, ketoconazole minor-amobarbital, cimetidine, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, rifabutin, sulfamethoxazole, secobarbital, primidone |
Etomidate |
General Anaesthesia 0.2-0.4mg/kg IV 30-60 seconds onset |
Low molecular weight heparin |
Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis 40mg once a day Deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy 40mg once a day 1 month post-partum Adverse effects erythema, pain, irritation, pulmonary embolism. epistaxis, headache, nausea, hemorrhage, back pain, fever, rash, dyspnea, pancytopnea, hematuria Drug interactions contraindicated-abciximab, clopidogrel, estradiol, mestranol, ticlopidine serious-antithrombin III, azithromycin, cefazolin, clarythromycin. enoxaparin, fondaparinux, heparin, primidone, roxithromycin,sulfamethoxazole, warfarin monitor closely-aceclofenac, alteplase, aspirin, azathioprine, candesartan, carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, diclofenac, enalapril, ginger, ibuprofen, losartan, oxaprozin, phenytoin minor-doxycycline, lymecycline, mineral oil, glyburide, minocycline, oxytetracycline, vitamin E, verteporfin
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Etonogestrel |
1 rod once only in 3 years |
Nalidixic acid |
Dysentry po <10kg = 125mg 4 times a day for 5 days >10kg =250mg 5-12yrs =375mg Adults =500mg Urinary tract infections in pregnancy po 500mg 4 times a day for 7 days Bacillary dysentry po 1gm 4 times a day for 7days Adverse effects diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nause, vomiting, abdominal pain, allergic reactions, blurred vision, convulsions, itching, numbness Drug interactions warfarin, quinidine, procainamide,amiodaarone, satolol, cisapride, erythromycin, amitriptyline, cyclosporine, melphalan, theophylline, probenecid
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Naloxone |
Ethanol(alcohol) poisoning iv 0.01mg/kg as required Respiratory depression in neonates if mother was given pethidine 20mcg/ml im <1kg 10mcg =0,5ml 1-2kg 20mcg=1ml 2-3kg 30mcg=1,5ml >3kg 40mcg =2ml Adverse effects cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, dyspnea, pulmonary eodema, diarrhoea, hypertension, parasthesia,shivering, diaphoresis,myalgia, weakness, rhinorrhe, sneezing Drug interactions serious-naldemedine, naloxegol minor-elvitegravir
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Neomycin |
Acute liver failure 1g po every 6 hrs until recovery Hepatic encephalopathy 4-12g po qid for 5-6 days Adverse effects diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, contact dermatitis, dyspnea, eosinophilia, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity Drug Interactions contraindicated-amikacin, amphotericin B, BCG vaccine, cyclosporine, ioversil, tacrolimus, teicoplanin, typhoid vaccine serious-acyclovir, atracurium, bumetanide, capreomycin, cephaloridine, cholera vaccine, colistin, furosemidde, gentamycin, quinidine, succinylcholine, vecuronium monitor closely-defovir, amiodarone, carboplatin, cisplatin, clotrimazole, cyclosporine, digoxin,erythromycin, estradiol, ethotoin, foscaenet, indinavir, ketoconazole,nifedipine, penicillin,ritonavir, tenofovir, verapamil, warfarin minor-aceclofenac,aspirin, biotin, calcium acetate,celecoxib, clotrimazole, diclofenac, fluconazole, ibuprofen, ketorolac, mefenemic acid, oxprozin, piroxicam, pyridoxin, thiamine, Vitamin A,zolendronic acid
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Neostigmine bromide |
2.5-5 mg after/with 1-1.8mg atropine sulphate. [Paed =50mcg/kg with/after 20mcg/kg atropine] 2.5-5mg with 1-1.8mg atropine sulphate Mysthenia gravis 0.5-2.5mg IV/IM/SC per day then 15-375mg po tds Adverse effects allergic reactions, dizziness, convulsions, drowsiness, headache, dysrthria, miosis,visual changes, cardic arrhythmia, bradycardia, dyspnea, rash, urticaria, nausea, emesis, flatulence Drug Interactions serious-ambenonium, triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension Monitor closely-acclidinium, ambenonium, amitriptyline, amoxapine, actracurium, atropine, bethanechol, clomipramine, cycline, dicyclomine, doxepin, glantamine, homatropine, ipratropium, rivastigmine, vecuronium Minor-acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, carvedilol, esmolol, galantamine, nadolol, procainamide, propranolol, satolol. timolol. trazodone
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Nicotinamide |
HIV wasting syndrome 50mg po once a day review Pellagra 100mg po once a day 2 weeks or review Adverse effects pruritus, rash, diarrhoea, flushing, diarrhoea, headache, arrhythmias, postural hypotension, abdominal pain, rhabdomyolyisis,nausea, vomiting Drug interactions serious-artovastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin monitor closely-cholestyramine, erythromycin, insulin, metformin, omadacycline, roxithromycin minor-carbamazepine, cefamandole, colestipol, doxycyline, isoniazid, minocycline, temocilin, tetracycline, meropenem, pivmecillinam |
Nifedipine |
Hypertension SR po 10-40mg 1-2 times a day long term Adverse effects peripheral oedema, dizziness, flushing, headache, heartburn, nausea, muscle cramps, mood changes, nervousness, cough, palpitations, wheezing, urticaria, constipation, chest pain Drug interactions contraindicated-cisapride, everolimus, pimozide, terfenadine serious-aftinib,apalutamide, cisapride, edoxaban, ergotamine, erythromycin, everolimus, lovastatin, phenytoin, simvastatin, sirolimus,venetoclax monitor closely-acebutolol, almotriptan, alprazolam, amikacin, amiodarone, amitriptyline, amlodipine,bisoprolol, buspirone,carbidopa, cortisone, cyclosporine, dexamethasone, dialtiazem,efavirenz,etravirine,flouxetin, gentamycin,indinavir, isoniazid,itraconazole,ketoconazole,lopinavir, maraviroc, nadolol,nevirapine, paclitaxel,phenobarbital,prednisolone, prednisone, rifampin, streptomycin,tacrolimus,theophylline, warfarin Minor-agrimony, amlodipine, amobarbital,atazanavir, atracurium, brimonidine, budesonide, cyclosporine, dapsone, efavirenz, fluconzole, itraconazole, metformin, posaconazole, ritonavir, tamoxifen, vecuronium, vincristine,ziprasidone
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Nitrofurantoin |
Urinary Tract Infection 50-100mg po qid for 7 days Adverse effects anorexia, arthralgia, chills, cough, diarrhoea, dizziness, drowsiness, dsynea, fatigue, headache,hepatitis, itching, nausea, numbness, parasthesia, vomiting, weakness, urine disclouration,vasculitis Drug interactions contraindicated-BCG vaccine live, typhoid vaccine live serious-cholera vaccine monitor closely-acalabrutinib, apalutamide, calcium carbonate, daclatasvir, digoxin, estradiol,mestranol,ponatinib, tetracaine minor-balsaalazide, biotin, magnesium citrate, metoclopramide, pyridoxine, thiamine |
Norethisterone |
Long term hormonal contraceptive norethisterone enanthate im 200mg once every 2 months Adverse effects edema, weakness, anorexia, amenorrhea, deep vein thrombosis, depression, dizziness, headache, nervousness, somnolence, vomiting, weight gain, nausea, vomiting Drug interactions contraindicated-acitretin serious-apalutamide, brigatinib, carbamazepine, darunavir, enzalutamide, phenytoin, primidone, rifampin, rifapentine, topiramate monitor closely-atazanavir, clobazam, colesevelam, iloperidone, insulin, maraviroc, mifepristone, rufinamide, tesamorelin |
Norfloxacin |
Pelvic inflamatory disease second line 800mg po once a day single dose Cystitis 400mg po 2 times a day 3 days Acute pyelonephritis 400mg po 2 times a day 2 weeks Adverse effects nausea, dizziness, headache, stomach cramps, weakness, abdominal pain, anorexia, anxiety, arthritis, ataxia, backpain,confusion, diarrhoea, diplopia, dyspepsia, fever, heartburn Drug interactions monitor closely-segesterone/ethinyl estradiol |
Nystatin |
Oral candidiasis nystatin suspension 200 000 units 5 times a day 7- 14days nystatin lozenges Sucked 5 times a day 7- 14 days Adverse effects diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, contact dermatitis, stevens-johnson syndrome, hypersensitivity reactions Drug interactions contrindicated-allogeneic cultured keratinocytes/ fibroblasts in bovine collagen |
Ofloxacin |
0.3% eye drops 1 drop 2-6 hourly for 14 days Bronchitis Exercerbation 400 mg PO 12hourly for 10 days Community Acquired Pneumonia400 mg po 12hourly for 10 days Skin Infections400 mg po 12hourly for 10 days Acute, Uncomplicated Urethral and Cervical Gonorrhea400 mg po single dose Nongonococcal Cervicitis/Urethritis or Mixed Infection of Cervix/Urethra300 mg po 12hourly for 7 days Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease400 mg po 12hourly for 10-14 days Uncomplicated CystitisDue to E. coli or K. pneumoniae: 200 mg po twice daily for 3 days Due to other approved pathogens: 200 mg po twice daily for 7 days
Adverse Effects: Nausea, headache, insomnia, dizziness, vaginitis, diarrhea, chest pain, decreased appetite, fatigue, GI distress, rash, pyrexia, pharyngitis, palpitatios, steven johnson syndrome, vasculitis, syncope Drug Interactions: Serious- Amiodarone, BCG Vaccine, ferrous sulphate, ferrous sucrase, quinidine, procainamide. Monitor Closely-Amitryptylline, Atermether/Lumefantrine, chlorpromazine, digoxin, cortisone, haloperidol, insulin, itraconazole, metrfomin, phenytoin |
Olanzapine |
Psychosis(second line) 5-10 mg 2 times a day continual Bipolar Depression 5 mg po nocte Chemotherapy associated nausea and vomiting 5-10mg po daily for 3 days
Adverse Effects:Ortghostatic hypotension, weight gain, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolemia, extrapyramydal symptoms, weakness, dizziness, insomnia, somnolence, constipation, dyspepsia, hypotension Drug Interactions:Serious-Dopamine, bromocriptine, levodapa, mefloquine, methyldopa. Monitor Closely-Acarbose, amitriptylline, atropine, baclofen, captopril, carbamazepine, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, clonazepam, diazepam, fentanyl, insulin, propofol |
Olopatadine [patanol] |
Allergic conjuctivitis 1% eye drops 2 times a day for 2 weeks
Adverse Effects: Headache, blurred vision, asthenia, burning, dry eye, foreign body sensation, keratitis, hypersensitivity, id edema, nausea, pharyngitis, pruritus, sinusitis |
Omeprazole |
Gastroesophagial reflux po 20mg twice a day for 2 months In Hpylori eradication po 20mg Twice a day 2 weeks
Adverse Effects: Headache, Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, flatulance, rash, cough, upper respiratory tract infections, anorexia, hepatotoxicity Drug Interactions: Serious-Carbamazepine, atazanavir, clopidogrel, digoxin, isoniazid, ketoconazole. Monitor Closely- Ampicillin, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacilin, Clozapine, digoxin, efavirenz, fluconazole, methotrexate, lorsatan, phenobarbitone, rifampin, warfarin |
Orphenadrine |
Anti-psychotics side effects po 50mg once a day for 1 week |
Oxybuprocaine hydrochloride |
Cytomegalovirus retinitis 0.4% eye drops 1 drop stat
Adverse Effects: Burning sensation, stinging, conjunctivitis, allergic contact dermatitis, conjunctival ejection, allergic corneal reaction |
Oxytocin |
Prolonged rupture of membranes oxytocin infusion 1 unit initially Then 4 units in 1L sodium chloride 0.9% at 15, 30, 60 drops per minute until regular contractions Cardic disease in pregnancy oxytocin 10units once at delivery of the anterior shoulder Induction of labour oxytocin iv infusion Initially 1 unit, Then 4 units in 1L sodium chloride 0.9% at 15, 30, 60 drops per minute – until regular contractions are maintained. If 4 units is insufficient, and it is the woman’s first pregnancy: Increase the dose stepwise with regular monitoring – 16, 32 then 64 units in the litre of sodium chloride 0.9% - each time increasing the delivery rate through 15, 30 and 60 drops per minute.
Adverse Effects:Sinus bradycardia, neonatal seizures, neonatal jaundice, fetal death, low apgar, uteroplacental hypoperfusion, fetal hypoxia, fetal hypercarpnia, severe decrease in martenal blood pressure. Drug Interactions: Serious- Mefloquine. Monitor Closely-Dobutamine, dopamine, norepinephrine
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Haloperidol |
Rheumatic Fever 1.5-3mg(25-50mcg/kg) 3 times a day as required Psychosis(rapid tranquilisation) 2-6mg im repeat after 6hours until calm Psychosis 1,25-5mg po 2 to 3 times a days continual Nausea And Vomiting 1,5-4,5mg nocte for 3-5 days Adverse effects extrapyramidal symptoms(akathisisa, dystonia, muscle stiffness, neuropathic pain,parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia), sedation, weight gain, erectile dysfunction, anorexia, constipation Drug intaractions contraindicated-amiodarone, methydopa, pentamidine,quinidine, satolol, pramipexole, lisuride serious-amitiptyline, apomorphine,artemether/lumefantrine, chlorpromazine, epinephrine, erythromycin, fentanyl,imipramine,levodopa monitor closely-albuterol, amiodarone, atropine,benztropine, caffeine,celecoxib,diazepam, imipramine, ipratropium, ketamine, sulfamethoxazole, tamoxifen minor-aripiprazole,chorpromazine, ethanol,promethazine,trifluoperazine, phenobarbital, indomethacin |
Heparin |
Oedematous and bed ridden 5000 sc units 3 times a day as required Unstable Angina 5000 units IV 6 hourly Nephrotic Syndrome 5000 units three times a day until mobile Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis 5000 units thrice daily review Deep Vein Thrombosis Treatment 17500 units twice daily Adverse effects heparin induced thrombocytopnea, hemorrhage, anaphylaxis, osteoporosis, hypersensitivity, local irritation,pain Drug interactions contraindicated-abciximab, estradiol, dipyridamol, tirofiban,defibrotide,cilostazol, anagrelide serious-amobarbital, antithrombin III, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, phenobarbital,warfarin monitor closely-acematacin, aspirin,azathioprine,captopril, diclofenac, enalapril, ibuprofen,iodine,telmisartan minor-acetaminophen, doxcycyline, quinididine , tetracycline, vasopressin, Vitamin E,protamine |
Hydralazine |
Severe Pregnancy Induced Hypertension 10mg im 4 hourly Eclampsia 10mg im once Severe Hypertension 6,25-25mg IV/im until desired BP (measure BP every 5-10 minutes) Antihypertensives in anaesthesia 5-10mg every 20-30mins Adverse effects hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, headache, anorexia, diarrhoea, peripheral neuropaty,leukopenia, hepatotoxicity Drug interactions serious-lofexidine monitor closely-acebutolol, aspirin, atenololcarvedilol, celecoxib,diclofenac,esmolol,ibuprofen, ketorolac, levodopa, mefenamic acid,propranolol,tinidazole minor-brimonidine, pyridoxine, tizanidine, ruxolitinib, reishi, maitake |
Hydrochlorothiazide |
Hypertension 12.5-25mg po once a day long term Resistant Heart Failure 50mg po review Adverse effects anaphylaxis, anorexia, confusion,fatigue, hypokalemia, hypotension,pancreatitis, respiratory distress, vertigo Drug interactions contraindicated- cisapride, dofetilide, isocarboxazid serious-aminolevulinic, carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, tretinoin, squill monitor closely-acetabutolol, albuterol, amoxicillin, aspirin,bumetanide,captopril,diclofenac, dicloxacillin, epinephrine,fentanyl,ibuprofen minor- acarbose, acyclovir, albeterol, diclofenac,epinephrine, glimipiride, mefenemic acid,penicillin,predinisolone,salmeterol, verapamil
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Hydrocortisone |
Haemorrhoids and other painful perianal conditions 0,25% cream twice daily Allergic Otitis Externa 1% cream once daily for 7 days Pulmonary Embolism & life threatening arterial embolism 100mg IV once only Anaphylaxis 200mg IV 6 hourly Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 4mg/kg IV/im 4 hourly Adverse effects acne, cataracts, depression, delirium, epistaxis, fat embolism, hyperglycemia, insomnia, malaise, myopathy,osteoporosis, vertigo, psychosis, increased appetite Drug interacions contraindicated-anthrax vaccine, BCG vaccine live, diptheria and tetanus toxoid, hepetitis B vaccine, mifepreistone, typhoid vaccine, varicella virus vaccine, rotatvirus oral vaccine, rubella vaccine serious-carbamazepine, cimetidine, clarithromycin, erythromycin, ketonazole,quinidine, rifabutin, rifampin, terfenadine monitor closely-acematicin, amiodarone, antithrombin III, aspirin, artovastatin, actracurium, celecoxib, dexamethasone, efavirenz, fluconazole, griseofulvin, ibuprofen minor-amitriptyline, amlodipine, atazanavir, dapsone, furosemide, glipizide, insulin, isoniazid, nifedipine,sulfasalazine, testosterone, vincristine |
Hydroxycobalamin |
Vitamin B12 deficiency 1mg im daily for 3 days then weekly for 3 weeks, monthly for 3 months and then every 3 months for 1 year then twice a year Adverse effects arthralgia, dizzzines, headache, nasopharyngitis,anaphylaxis, angiodema, dyspepsia, sore throat, glossitis, rhinitis, hypoesthesia Drug interactions monitor closely-dichlorphenamide, omadacyline minor-acetazolamide, aspirin, carbamazepine, chloramphenicol, cimetidine, esomeprazole, ethanol, gabapentin, lorazepam, omeprazole, phenytoin, valproic acid |
Hydroxyurea |
Sickle Cell Anaemia 500mg po once a day indefinitely Head and neck tumours, solid tumours 80mg / kg po daily for 3 days( 7 days prior to initiation of radiation) Chronic myelocytic leukemia( resistant) 20-30mg/kg po daily Thrombocytopnea 15mg/kg po daily Adverse effects infections, neutropea, fever, headache, vit D deficiency, anaemia, nausea, weight gain, constipation, hyperuricemia, skin ulcers, hyperpigmentation Drug interactions serious- adenovirus, BCG vaccine live, measles mumps and rubella vaccine live, polio virus,, varicella zoster vaccine, typhoid vaccine, stavudine monitor closely- allopurinol, azathioprine, carboplatin, cisplatin, ganciclovir, mitomycin, probenecid, zidovudine, pyrimethamine |
Hyoscine |
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia 10mg 3 times a day for 4 weeks motion sickness transdermal patch(1mg/72hrs) behind the ear 4-12 hours before anticipated exposure to motion then every 3 days per rising need Nausea and vomiting 0.3-0.65mg IV/IM/SC 6-8 hourly Adverse effects dry mouth, drowsiness, diziness, blurred vision. disorientation, confusion, pruritus, anticholinergic effects Drug interactions contraindicated- pramlintide serious- macimorelin, secretin, umeclidium bromide monitor closely-amantadine, amitryptline, aripiprazole, atropine, chlopromazine, desipramine, haloperidole, ipratropium, promethazine, tiotropium minor-donepenzil, dimenyhydrinate, galantamine, levodopa |
Rabies immunoglobulin{human)} |
Rabies 10IU/kg im gluteal once only |
Vecuronium |
Muscle relaxant 0.08-0.1mg/kg IV 3-5 mins 30-45mins maintenance 0.02-0.03mg/kg
Adverse Effects: Muscle weakness and paralysis, Hypersensitivity reactions, Myositis ossificans, Respiratory Insufficiency Drug Interactions:Serious-Amphotericin B, Clindamycin, Fentanyl, Gentamicin, Streptomycin |
Verapamil |
Arrhythmias after myocardial infarction- Ectopic beats po 40-120mg 3 times a day review Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia iv 5-10mg bolus repeat after 10mins; long term: po 40-120mg 3 times a day long term Angina, Hypertension 80 mg PO 8hourly initially; usual range: 80-120 mg PO 8hourly; not to exceed 480 mg/day Migraine Prophylaxis 160-320mg po 6-8 hourly
Adverse Effects: Headache, Gingival Hyperplasia, Constipation, Dizziness, Hypotension, Increased Liver Enzymes, Dyspnea Drug Interaction: Serious-Atenolo, Bisoprolol, Cimetidine, Cholchicine, Erythromycin, Fentanyl, Timolol
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Vitamin A |
Xerophthalmia/vitamin A deficiency vitamin A 200,000 iu [<1yr = 100, 000iu] single dose Day 1, Day 2 and repeat after 2 weeks (Nutritional rehabilitation is indicated). Supplement in severe acute malnutrition <6mnths 50,000iu once at the clinic and one dose at home -2 doses only 6– 12mths 100,000iu 1-5yr 200,000iu
Adverse Effects: Anaphylaxis, Facial dermatitis, Conjunctivitis, Dry mucus, Corneal opacity, Alopecia Drug Interaction: Monitor Closely-Beta carotene, Cisplatin, Vincristine, Vinblastine |
Vitamin B complex |
Vitamin B12 deficiency hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12) im 1mg daily 3 days then weekly for 3 weeks, and monthly for 3 months and then every 3 month for a year and then twice a year Pernicious Anemia30-50 mcg IM/SC once daily for &ge2 weeks for total dose of 1,000 mcg to 5,000 mcg administer concomitantly with 1 mg/day of folic acid for 1 month
Adverse Effects: Arthralgia, Dizziness, Headache, Nasopharyngitis, Anaphylaxis, Congestive cardiac failure, Pulmonary edema, diarrhea,glossitis Drug Interactions: Minor-Acetazolmide, Asprin, Carbamazepine, Cimetidine, Gentamicin, Ibuprufen, Metrfomin, Omeprazole
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Vitamin D |
Nutritional Suppliments 0-12 months: 400 IU (10 mcg) PO once daily 1-18 years: 600 IU (15 mcg) PO once daily Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets12,000-500,000 IU (0.3-12.5 mg) PO once daily Familial Hypophosphatemia40,000-80,000 IU (1-2 mg) PO once daily with phosphate supplements
Adverse Effects: Arrhythimias, Constipation, Confusion, Dry mouth, Headache, Nausea, Vomiting, Muscle or bone pain, Lethagy Drug Interaction: Monitor Closely- Calcium carbonate, Calcium Chloride, Digoxin, Hydrochlorothiazide, Phenytoin, Phenobarbitone |
Vitamin K |
Newborn babies 0,1mg im at birth Hypoprothrombinaemia 2,5-10mg po/IV/IM/SC Reversal of warfarin effects INR 4,5-10, no bleeding- 1,25mg po once INR >10, no bleeding- 2,5-5mg po once Minor bleeding, elavated INR- 2,5-5mg po once, may repeat after 24 hours if needed Major Bleeding, elavated INR- 5-10mg IV infusion(dilute in 50ml IV fluids) Nutritional Suplimentation 90-120mcg po daily
Adverse Effects: Anaphylaxis, Dyspnea, Cyanosis, Pruritis, Flushing, Hypotension, Hyperbilirubinemia Drug Interactions: Serious- Warfarin. Monitor Closely- Asprin, Erythromycin, Ibuprofen, Mefenamic acid, Naproxen, Piroxicam. Minor- Ciprofloxacin, Chlohexidine, Cholestyramine
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Ibuprofen |
Back and Neck pain,Spinal Spondylosis, Rheumatoid, Juvenille & Degeneraive,Arthritis, Pain management 200-400mg po 3 times a day review Adverse effects dizziness, epigastric pain, constipation, nausea, tinnitus, headache, rash, edema, fluid retension, vomiting Drug interactions contraindicated-ketorolac serious-aminolevulinic acid, aspirirn, captopril, enalapril,naproxen, tacrolimus, perindopril, methotraxate, benazepril monitor closely-acebutolol, amiloride, aspirin, atenolol, captopril, carvedilol, dexamethasone,digoxin, efavirenz, enalapril, epinephrine,flucloxacillin, glipizide, heparin, labetolol, mefenamic acid, ,propranolol,salicylates, sulfasalazine minor-acyclovir, amiodarone, aspirin,, carbamazepine, celecoxib, cimetidine, diclofenac, digoxin,furosemide, gentamicin, rifampin, valproic acid, voriconazole |
Immunoglobin |
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura 1mg/kg IV once a day for 3 days |
Imipramine |
Depression 50mg po nocte an hour before sleep increase by 25mg every 2 nights upto 150mg assess progress after 2 weeks Adverse effects fatigue, sedation, weakness, constipation, dry mouth,agitation, anxiety, headache, insomnia, vomiting, sweating, rash, seizures Drug interactions contraindicated-cisapride, disopyramide, indapamide, isocarboxid, procainamide, quinidine, satolol, terfenadine serious-albeterol, amiodarone, amitriptyline, artemether/ lumefantrine,clarithromycin, desipramide,dopamine, epinephrine, erythromycin,fluconazole monitor closely-aripiprazole,atazanivir,atropine, chlorphenereamine, cimetidine,codeine, desipramine, diazepam, fluconazole,rifampin minor-cortisone, dexametahsone, efavirenz, ethanol,glipizide, insulin, itraconazole, nifedipine, predinisolone, sulfamethoxazole, verapamil |
Indomethacin |
Herpes Zooster 25mg po 3 times a day for 7 days Acute Gout 50mg four times a day for the first 24 hours then reduce by 25mg daily to 25mg three times a day and review Chronic Gout 25-50mg three times a day for the first 3 months of allopurinol Arthritis 25-50mg three times a day review Joint/ Bone Pain 25-50mg every 4-6 hours review Adverse effects jaundice, transient renal insuffiency, headache,dizziness, dyspepesia, epigastric pain, nausea, constipation, somnolence, tinnitus, urticaria Drug intearactions contraindicated-ketorolac serious-aminolevulinic acid, captopril, enalapril, methotraxate, tacrolimus, trandolapril monitor closely-acetabutol, alteplase, amiloride, aspirin, bisoprolol, captopril, celecoxib,dexamethasone, enalapril, flucloxacillin, gentamicin, prazosin, propranolol, spironolactone, warfarin minor-acyclovir, amikacin, celecoxib, diclofenac, furosemide, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, vancomycin |
Ipratropium |
COPD exercerbation-inhaler 400mcg or nebulized 500mcg 6 hourly then review Stable COPD inhaler 400mcg PRN Acute asthma exacerbation inhaler-136mcg every 20minutes PRN for 3 hours nebulizer-500mcg evry 20minutes for 3 doses then PRN Adverse effects broncitis, sinusitis, dyspnea, headache, backpain, cough, dyspepsia, dry mouth,dizziness, nausea, Drug interactions contraindicated-pramlintide serious-macimorelin, revefenacin, umeclidinium bromide monitor closely-amantadine, amisulpiride, amitriptyline, aripiprazole, clozapine, desipramine, haloperidol,sulpiride, titropium,vecuronium minor-dimenhydrinate, donepezil, gelantamine, levodopa
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Isoniazid |
Tuberculosis 10mg/kg once a day for 2-6months Adverse effects nausea, vomiting, stomach pains, weakness, dizziness, slurred speech, agranulocytosis, anaemia, thrombocytopnea, seizures, progressive liver damage Drug interactions contraindications-cisapride, ketoconazole,lovastatin,terfenadine, pimozide,ivabradin,naloxegol serious-aclarabrutinib, avanafil, cabazitaxel, clopidogrel, eplerenone, erythromycin,fentanyl, isocarboxid,omeprazole,simvastatin monitor closely-acetaminophen, amiodarone,atazanavir,budesonide,cannabinol,clozapine,darunavir, dexamethasone, diazepam,efavirenz, ethanol, fluticasone, , lopinavir,maraviroc, nifedipine, warfarin minor-acetaminophen, amitriptyline,caffeine,cortisone,dexamethasone,glipizide, insulin,phenytoin, predinisolone,valproic acid, |
Isosorbide dinitrate |
Unstable angina, Acute myocardial infarction 10-40mg 3 times a day as required Adverse effects rebound hypertension,syncope, flushing,palpitations, light headdedness, tachyarrhythmia, headache, nausea, methemoglobinemia Drug intearactions contraindicated-avanafil, sildenafil,tadalafil,vardenafil serious-carbegolin, ergotamine,lofexidine, ergonovine, methylergonovine monitor closely-arginine, captopril, dapsone, iloperidone, maraviroc, tetracaine, stiripentol minor-acetylcysteine |
Tetanus immune globulin |
Neonatal tetanus tetanus immunoglobulin im 500 – 1000 units Once only single dose Tetanus Prophylaxis<7 years old: 4 Unit/kg or 250 Units IM >7 years old: 250 Units IM (single dose) Tetanus Treatment3000-6000 Units IM
Adverse Effects: Urticaria, Lethargy, Nausea and Vomiting, Injection site pain, Chest Tightness, Anaphylaxis, Nephrotic Syndrome (rare) Drug Interactions:Monitor Closely- BCG , Measles, Mumps, Rubella live vaccines, Varicella, Smallpox(Live Vaccines) |
Tetracycline Eye Ointment 1% |
Neonatal ophthalmia Both eyes once only Bacterial conjuctivitis Apply 3 times a day one week |
Terbinafine |
Tinea pedis/capitis 250mg po daily for 6 weeks OR apply cream twice a day for 6-8 weeks
Adverse Effects: Headache, Pruritus, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Visual Disturbances, Elavated Liver Enzymes
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Theophylline |
Moderate chronic asthma theophylline slow release po 200mg 2-3 times a day continual Severe chronic asthma theophylline slow release po 200mg 2-3 times a day continual Mild asthma-children theophylline po 5mg/kg < 4 times a day intermittent Neonatal Apnea Maintenance: 3-6 mg/kg/day PO/IV divided 8 hourly
Adverse Effects: Central nervous system excitement, headache, insomnia, irritability, restlessness, seizure, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, diuresis, exfoliative dermatitis, tachycardia, tremors, hypercalcemia Drug Interaction: Contraindicated-Dipyridamole, Febuxostat. Serious- Allopurinol, Carbamazepine, Cimetidine, Ciprofloxacin, Clarythromycin, Erythromycin, Itraconazole, Rifabutin. Monitor Closely- Atazanavir, Bisoprolol, Carvedilol, Efavirenz, Fluconazole, Hydrocortisone, Isoniazid, Nifedipine, Phenytoin |
Thiamine |
HIV related wasting syndrome thiamine po 50mg once a day review Acute liver failure(ethanol atiology suspected) thiamine iv slow 250mg before dextrose infusion and daily for 3 days Severe alcohol dependence thiamine po 50mg once a day review Ethanol(alcohol poisoning) thiamine po 200mg once a day Review Encephalopathy thiamine iv/im 250mg once - then thiamine po 200mg one a day 7 days
Adverse Effects: Anaphylaxis, Cyanosis, Diaphoresis, Restlessness, Nausea, Pulmonaery Edema, Weakness, Pruritus Drug Interactions:Monitor Closely- Azithromycin, Clarythromycin, Erythromycin, Azikacin, Doxycycline, Frusemide |
Thiopentone sodium |
Status epilepticus 7mg/kg IV assess/review Intravenous anaesthetic slow IV 3-5mg/kg 10-15secs 5-10mins repeat if necessary after 20-30secs |
Thyroxine |
Hypothyroidsm thyroxine po 50 -100mcg initially once a day 4 weeks, then increase by 25 - 50mcg every four weeks as necessary until euthyroid |
Tilidine hydrochloride drops |
Pain management in children Tilidine hydrochloride drops 1 drop per year age (max. 5 drops) 6 hourly as drops |
Timolol |
Hypertension10-30 mg PO 12hourly Maintenance: 20-40 mg/day No more than 60 mg/day Acute Myocardial Infarction10 mg PO 12hourly Angina15-45 mg/day po divided 6-8hourly Migraine, ProphylaxisInitial: 10 mg PO 12hourly titrate to 10-30 mg/day Glaucoma(chronic open angle) Timolol maleate 0.5% eye drops 1 drop in each eye Twice a day Continual as per recommendation by specialist
Adverse Effects:Arrhythimias, Bradycardia, Syncope, Fatigue, Headache, Dyspnea, Bronchospasm, Edema, Nausea Drug Interactions: Serious-Atenolol, Bisoprolol, Carvedilol, Digoxin, Epinephrine, Labetalol, Metoprolol, Verapamil. Monitor Closely-Asprin, Calcium carbonate and chloride, Diclofenac, Ibuprufen, Insulin, Lorsatan, Phenobabirtal, Propofol |
Tramadol |
pain in adults Tramadol 50mg 6 hourly 5-7 days/ tramadol im 50mg/ml
Adverse Effects: Constipation, Nausea, Headache, Vomiting, Nervousness, Pruritus, Emotional Lability, Diarrhea, Anxiety, Agitation Drug Interactions: Serious- Clonidine, Fentanyl, Atazanavir. Monitor Closely-Artemether/Lumefantrine, Carbamazepine, Cimetidine |
Triamcinolone acetinide |
Rheumatic or Arthritic Disorders 60 mg IM every 6 weeks; may be supplemented by additional 20-100 mg IM PRN Intra-articular injection: Large joints, 5-15 mg; small joints, 2.5-5 mg Dermatoses Intralesional injection 1 mg per injection site Inflammatory & Allergic Systemic Conditions60 mg IM single injection; adjust dose to a range of 40-80 mg
Adverse Effects: Contraindicated-Mifeprestone. Serious-BCG live vaccine, Cimetidine, Carbamazepine, Clarythromycin, Erythromycin, Hepatitis B vaccine, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Influenza vaccines. Monitor Closely-Asprin, Artemether/Lumefantrine, Ciprofloxacilin, Fluconazole, Ibuprufen |
Trifluoperazine |
Schizophrenia/Psychosis <6 years: Safety and efficacy not established 6-12 years old: 1 mg PO Day or 12hourly; not to exceed 15 mg/day 12 years old: 2-5 mg PO 12hourly
Adverse Effects: Extrapyramidal side effects, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, sedation, Anticholinergic effects, weight gain, Oligomenorrhea /amenorrhea, erectile dysfunction, insomnia, restlessness,Depression, tachycardia. Drug Interactions:Contraindicated-Procainamide, Qunidine, Terfenadine, Sotalol. Serious-Amytriptilline, Artemethetr/Lumefantrine, Clarythromycin, Erythromycin, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole. Monitor Closely-Atropine, Clonazepam, Codeine, Diazepam, Haloperidol, Insulin |
Trimeprazine tartrate |
Pre-op sedation in children 2mg/kg 1-2 hrs before surgery |
Tropicamide |
Cataract 0.5% eye drops 1-3 drops stat pre-op Refraction (Mydriasis)Adult; 1-2 gtt of 1% solution in eye(s), repeat in 5 min, perform exam within 30 min of second instillation Funduscopic Exam (Cycloplegia)Adult; 1-2 gtt of 0.5% solution in eyes 15-20 min before exam, may repeat q30minutes PRN
Adverse Effects: Increased intraocular pressure, blurred vision, Tachycardia, photophobia, Headache, Allergic reactions, Dry mouth
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Salbutamol |
Wheezing in paedistrics: salbutamol nebulised 5mg/ml in 2ml sterile water <1yr= 2.5mg >1yr= 5mg as required Or salbutamol po 2-12mnths = 1mg 1-5yrs= 2mg 3 times a day COPD excercerbation: Mild/moderate: salbutamol inhaler 100-200mcg 6 hourly review Severe: salbutamol nebulised 5mg 6 hourly review Stable COPD: Salbutamol Inhaler 200mcg PRN Bronchioectasis Salbutamol inhaler 200mcg PRN Asthma Mild intermitrent: salbutamol inhaler 100–200mcg as needed, or before exercise Mild /moderate/severe chronic asthma: salbutamol inhaler 100-200mcg as required continual Acute asthma attack: sulbutamol nebulised (in saline or sterile water) 5mg repeat at ½ - 1 hr intervals, then every 2-4 hours until recovered Acute asthma in children salbutamol nebulised (in saline or sterile water) - flow rate 6L/min <5yrs = 2.5mg/2ml >5yrs = 5mg/2ml repeat 2 times in the first hour,then every 4 hours until recovered. or salbutamol inhaler through a spacer 100-200mcg (1-2 puffs) as required Severe acute asthma in children: salbutamol inhaler 200mcg – 400mcg as required Mild acute asthma in children: salbutamol inhaler 100-200mcg as required intermittent Hyperkalemia salbutamol nebulised 2 times a day Review
Adverse Effects: Tremor, nervousness, Insomnia, nausea, fever, bronchospasm, vomiting, headache, dizziness, cough Drug Interactions: Serious-Amytryptilline. Monitor Closely-Asprin, atenolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, celecoxib, clonazepam, diclofenac, digoxin, frusemide, ibuprufen, indomethacin, lorazepam, naproxen |
Salmeterol |
Severe chronic asthma inhaler 50mg or twice a day as required
Adverse Effects: Headache, pain, nasal congestion, hypertension, dizziness, edema, contact dermatitis, hyperglycaemia, conjunctititis, urticaria Drug Interactions: Contraindicated- ritonavir, lopinavir. Serious- Amytriptilline. Monitor Closely-asprin, bisoprolol, carvedilol, chlorpheniramine, clonazepam, diclofenac, digoxin, gentamycin, frusemide, haloperidol, ibuprufen, mefenamic acid |
Salicylic acid 2% |
Psoriasis apply once at night as needed Acne Vulgaris Twice daily, gently massage cleanser onto wet face & neck until lathered
Advesre Effects: Burning sensation, desquamation
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Selenium sulphide 2.5% |
Pityriasis versicolor(tinea versicolor) Selenium sulphide 2,5% B N apply daily 5 days Dandruff, SeborrheaWet skin/scalp and apply 5-10 mL of shampoo to areas to be cleansed; apply 2 times/week for 2 weeks initially, and THEN once q1-2weeks to control symptoms Adverse Effects: Transient stinging, burning, lerthagy, alopecia,diaphoresis, abdominal pain, unusual dryness of scalp |
Silver sulphur diazine 1% topical cream |
Burns apply daily avoid face
Adverse Effects: Pain, burning, itching, rash, necrosis of skin, erythema multiforme, hemolytic anaemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anaemia, adverse GI symptoms. Drug Interactions: Monitor Closely-Trypsin, Collagenase. |
Sodium bicarbonate |
Metabolic Acidosis sodium bicarbonate 8.4% iv 50mmol as required (15-30min intervals) Sodium bicarbonate IV in dextrose 5% continuous infusion Hyperkalemia 50mEquivalency over 5 minutes Cardiac ArrestInitial: 1 mEq/kg/dose IV x1; base subsequent doses on results of arterial blood pH and PaCO2 as well as calculation of base deficit
Adverse Effects: Cerebral emorrhage, edema, hypocalcemia, hypokalamia, tetany, metabolic alkalosis, gastric distension, tetany, hyperkalaemia, hyperosmolarity Drug Interactions: Serious-Atazanavir, digoxin, doxycycline, itraconazole, ketoconazole, levofloxacin,tetracycline. Monitor Closely-Allopurinol, ampicillin, atenolol, azithromycin, captopril, carvedilol, enalapril, erythromycin, lisinopril, nitrofurantoin.Minor-Asprin, salysilates, sulfadiazine |
Sodium citrate |
Prior to general anaesthetics eg caesarian section sodium citrate po 15ml once only |
Sodium valprorate |
Bipolar affective disorder 200-500mg 2 times daily continual Complex Partial Seizures 10-15 mg/kg/day IV divided 12hourly infused over 1 hr; maximum dose 60 mg/kg/day; do not exceed 14 days (switch to PO as soon as possible) PO: 10-15 mg/kg/day PO initially; increase by 5-10 mg/kg/day at weekly intervals; may increase dose up to 60 mg/kg/day Simple and Complex Absent seizures IV: 10-15 mg/kg/day IV divided 12hourly infused over 1 hr; maximum dose 60 mg/kg/day; do not exceed 14 days (switch to PO as soon as possible) PO :15 mg/kg/day PO initially, divided 6-12hourly; increase by 5-10 mg/kg/day at weekly intervals; may increase dose up to 60 mg/kg/day Migraine Prophylaxis 250 mg PO 12hourly; adjust dose based on clinical response, not to exceed 1000 mg/day
Adverse Effects: Nausea, headache, increased bleeding time, tremor, infection, diarrea, dizziness, thrombocytopenia, vomiting, ataxia, rash, abdominal pain, diploplia, dyspepsia. Drug Interactions: Serious-Imipenem, meropenem. Monitor Closely- Asprin, Carvedilol, Estradiol, phenytoin, propofol, warfarin, zidovudine. Minor-Acetaminophen, atracurium, clozapine, erythromycin, isoniazid, ibuprofen, phenobarbital, succynylcholine |
Spironolactone |
Cardiac failure 25-50mg once daily long term Ascites of chronic liver failure 100-400mg once a day review Primary Hyperaldosteronism 100-400 mg PO daily in preparation for surgery Essential Hypertension 25-100mg PO daily or divided 12hourly Hypokalaemia 25-100 mg PO daily Hirsutism 50-200 mg PO daily or divided 12hourly
Advesrse Effects: Gastric bleeding, gastritis, ulceration, decreased libido, breast and nipple pain, thrombocytopenia, rash, urticaria, dizziness, ataxia, headache Drug Interactions: Serious-Cyclosporin, potassium phosphate, potassium chloride. Monitor Closely- Asprin, Atorvastatin, ampicillin, azithromycin, atenolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, celecoxib, captopril, chlorothiazide, dexamethasone, enalapril, diclofenac, fentanyl, frusemide, gentamycin, ibuprufen, levodopa, mycophenolate, ritonavir |
Insulin |
Insulin therapy in adults 10 units immediately then 5 units hourly until blood sugar falls to 14 mmol/l Soluble insulin iv paeds 0.1 unit/kg/hr until blood sugar falls below 15mmol/l then 0.05 units/kg/hr then 0.75-1 unit/kg/day sc in 3 divided doses before meals for 1 day then add isophane sc, apply the rule of thirds [2/3 of the total daily dose in the morning and 1/3 in the evening] Adverse effects headache, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, back pain, hypoglycemia, pharyngitis, insulin resistance, lipodystrophy, hypokalemia Drug interactions contraindicated-pramlintide serious-ethanol, macimorelin monitor closely-aripiprazole, aspirin, atazanavir, captopril, ciprofloxacin, darunivir, enalapril, indinivir,levofloxacin,metformin,propranolol, timolol,valsartan |
Streptokinase |
Pulmonary embolism/arterial embolism streptokinase iv loading dose of 250 000 units over 30minutes, then 100 000 u every hour 24 – 72 hrs |
Streptomycin |
Moderate to Severe Infections20-40 mg/kg/day IM divided 6-12 hourly TuberculosisDaily therapy: 20-40 mg/kg IM qDay; no more than 1 g/day Twice wekly therapy: 20-40 mg/kg IM 2 times/week; no more than 1.5 g/day Brucellosis>8 years old: 20 mg/kg IM divided 12hourly during 7-14 days of tetracycline or co-trimoxazole therapy; no more than 1 g/day Plague streptomycin im 1g first dose Then 0.5g 6 hourly 10 days ( Paed = 5-10mg/kg)
Adverse Effects: Ototoxicity,Hypotension, Neurotoxicity, Drowsiness, Headache, Rash, Nausea, Vomiting, Anaemia, Arthralgia, Tremor, Difficulties in breathing Drug Interactions:Serious- Actracurium, BCG vaccine, Qunidine, Frusemide, Succinyl choline. Monitor Closely-Cisplatin, Clarithromycin, Digoxin, Erythromycin, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Nifedipine, Phenytoin, Tenofovir |
Sulfadiazine |
Toxoplasmosis Given with pyrimethamine and folinic acid 100-200 mg/kg/day divided 6hourly PO x3-4 weeks OR 2g po 4 times a day for 6 weeks Infants <2 months old: 25 mg/kg/day po divided QID
Adverse Effects: Diarrhea, headache, anorexia, oligospermia, nausea, vomiting, photosensitivity, hypersensitivity, dizziness, thyroid function disturbances, thrombocytopenia Drug Interactions: Serious- BCG vaccine, fundoparinax, enoxaparin, heparin, methotraxate, warfarin. Monitor Closely- Digoxin, diclofenac, insulin |
Sulphur ointment 5-10% |
Scabies [in children] apply 2 times a day 1-2 weeks Seborrheic DermatitisOintment: Apply 5-10% to affected area and rub in gently 2 times daily Acne VulgarisApply sparingly to affected area(s) twice daily
Adverse Effects: Erythema, excessive desquamation, skin irritation
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Sulpiride |
Psychoses po 50-200mg 2-3 times a day long term |
Suxamethonium chloride |
Depolarising for intubation suxamethonium chloride iv 0.5-1.5mg per kg < 30secs up to 5min
Adverse Effects: Muscle fasciculations, jaw rigidity, apnea, respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension,cardiac arrythmias, increased IOP, tachycardia, excessive salivation, rash Drug Interactions: Serious-Amikacin, Amphotericin, Clindamycin, Fentanyl, Gentamicin, Doxycycline, Kanamycin, Streptomycin. Monitor Closely-Asprin, Atenolol, Atracurium, Carvedilol, celecoxib, chlorothiazide, digoxin, furosemide, ibuprofen, indomethacin |
Quietapine |
Bipolar Disorder depressive episodes 50-200mg once a day continual Bipolar Disorder, Mania 400-800 mg/day(start with 100mg per day and increase daily by 100mg) Schizophrenia Day 1: 300 mg po daily Maintenance (monotherapy): 400-800 mg/day Major Depressive Disorder 150-300 mg/day Alcohol Dependence25-50 mg po at bedtime; may be titrated; not to exceed 300 mg InsomniaUsually, 25 mg/day po at bedtime
Adverse Effects: Dizziness, fatigue, extrapyramidal symptoms, headache, constipation, dry mouth, somnolence, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, tremor, back pain, tachycardia, pharyngitis, postural hypotension, arthralgia, neutropenia. Drug Interactions: Serious- Atazanavir, bromocriptine, cimetidine, clarythromycin, dopamine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, levodopa, methyldopa,rifampin. Monitor Closely: Amiodaron, atropine, baclofen, captopril, carbamazepine, clozapine, erythromycin, efavirenz, fentanyl, haloperidol, insulin, isoniazid, lopinavir, neverapine, nifedipine
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Quinine |
Uncomplicated malaria: < 5kg =10mg per Kg body weight Every 8 hours 7 days 2nd line adults = 600mg every 8 hrs for 7 days First trimester pregnancy Quinine tab 600mg every 8 hrs for 7 days Severe malaria < 5kg =quinine infusion in 5% dextrose 20mg/kg over 4 hours, monitor infusion rate carefully, (max loading dose = 1200mg) then after 8hrs: then (max maintenance dose = 600mg) 10mg/kg over next 4 hours, repeat every 8 hours until able to tolerate oral therapy. then reduce to 5mg/kg every 8 hrs adults :quinine im 10mg/kg every 4 hrs for 3 doses, then 10mg/kg every 8hrs for 7days
Adverse Effects: Flushing of skin, angina symptoms, fever, rash, pruritus, hypoglycaemia, pruritus, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, epigastric pain, fever, optic atrophy, impared hearing, hypersensitivity reactions, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache. Drug Interactions:Serious- Colchicine, Fundoparinax, heparin, mefloquine, ritonavir, vecuronium. Monitor Closely- Amiodarone, amytriptyline, azithromycin, artemether/lumefantrine, carbamazepine, cimetidine, ciprofloxacillin, clarythromycin, haloperidol, erythromycin, isoniazid, rifampi, risperidone,
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Rabies vaccine(human diploid cell) |
Pre-exposure vaccination human diploid cell im 0.5ml single doses on Day 0, 7 and 28 only(booster every 2-3yrs) Post-exposure vaccination human rabies immunoglobulin 10 IU/kg once only - (instilled and infiltrated locally around the wound) and human rabies immunoglobulin im (gluteal) 0 IU/kg once only human rabies immunoglobulin B V 10 IU/kg once 2.1.1 vaccination schedule (human diploid cell) im 0.5ml in each arm one dose on Day 0 (upper arm site) Then 0.5ml in one arm one dose on Days 7 and 21
Adverse Effects: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrea, fatigue, fever, chills, muscle ache, dizziness, malaise. Drug Interactions: Serious- Cortisone, Dexamethasone, Etanacept, Infliximab. Monitor Closely- Methotraxate, rituximab, Chloroquine |
Ranitidine |
Gastroeosophageal reflux disease 50mg twice a day for 6-8 weeks Gastric Ulcer150 mg PO 12hourly or 300 mg PO at bedtimeErosive Esophagitis150 mg PO 6hourly or 50 mg IM/IV 6-8hourly Hypersecretory Conditions150 mg PO 12hourly
Adverse Effects: Headache, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, alopecia, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, anaemia, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia, arthralgia, myalgia Drug Interactions: Serous-Itraconazole, Atazanavir, Ketoconazole. Monitor Closely-Cefuroxime, cyclosporin, amiodarone, ferous sulphate, glipizide, lopinavir, metformin |
ReSoMal |
Malnutrition 5-10ml/kg/hr every 30minutes for 4-10 hours |
Rifampicin |
TB in paediatrics 15 mg/kg/day (10 to 20 mg/kg/day) Leprosy 600mg once a month 6 months (Paed = 10-15mg/ kg*) Neisseria Meningitidis Carrier600 mg 12hourly for 2 days
Adverse Effects: Elavated liver function test results, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, epigastric distress, fever, headache, numbness, dizziness, flushing, ataxia, behaviral changes, muscle weakness Drug Interactions: Contraindicated- Apixaban, artemether/lumefantrine, atazanavir, lumefantrine, ritonavi, voriconazole. Serious-Atorvastatin, amiodarone, BCG vaccine, carbamazepine, colchicine, diazepam, dexamethasone, erythromycin, lopinavir, midazolam, pyrazinamide, predinisolone, quinidine, ritonavir, verapamil, warfarin. Monitor Closely- Azithromycin, amlodipine, atorvastatin, carvedilol, digoxin, efavirenz |
Risperidone |
Non-Psychosis 1-3 mg 2 times a day continual Organic-psychosis 5mg as a test dose then after monthly Schizophrenia 2 mg po daily initially; may increase in increments of 1-2 mg/day at intervals ≥24 hr Bipolar Mania 2-3 mg/day initially may be increased if necessary in increments of 1 mg/day at intervals of 24 hours to 6 mg/day Tourette Syndrome 0.5-1 mg/day po may be increased or decreased in increments of 0.5 mg 12hourly at intervals >3 days; not to exceed 6 mg/day Post Traumatic Stress Disorder 0.5-8 mg/day po
Adverse Effects: Somnolence, agitation, insomnia, headache, rhinitis, akathisia, drooling, urinary incontinence, anxiety, increased appetite, increased weight, constipation, dyspepsia, abdominal pain. Drug Interactions: Serious- Amiodarone, methyldopa, quinidine. Monitor Closely- Amytriptyline, amiodarone, atracurium, atorvastatin, baclofen, atropine, carbamazepine, clotrimazole, clozapine, efavirenz, dobutamine, fentanyl, erythromycin, fentanyl, glimepiride, insulin, itraconazole, levofloxacin, metformin, nifedipine, phenytoin. |
Kanamycin |
Ophthalmia neonatorum 25mg/kg once single dose Empyema/lung abcess 7.5mg/kg 12hrly 14 days Mastoiditis 7.5mg/kg 24hrly 12 hrly Urethral discharge,vaginal discharge 2g[1g into each buttock] one dose only Adverse effects agranulocytosis, anorexia, diarrhea, dyspnea, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, nephrotoxocoty,pruritus, arsh, tinnitus, thrombocytopnea, tremor, vertigo , weakness Drug interactions contraindicated- BCG vaccine live, typhoid vaccine live serious-amphotericin B, actracurium, furosemide, neomycin, quinidine, vecuronium, torsemide monitor closely- acyclovir,amikacin, amiodarone, cisplastin, cyclosporine, digoxin, estradiol, gentamycin, ketoconazole, rifampin, ritonavir,tenofovir, warfarin minor- adefovir, aceclofenc, acemetacin, aspirin, calcium carbonate valcium gluconate, fluconaxole, ketorolac, mivonazole, pyridoxin, thiaine, vancomyocin,voriconazole |
Ketamine |
Sedation 1-2mg/kg iv 4-8mg/kg im (onset30-90sec)10-20min (maintenance = serial doses 50% of induction iv dose or 25% of im dose. analgesic dose = 0.25 – 0.5mg/kg) Adverse effects tachycardia, visual hallucinations, vivid dreams, diplopia, increased intraocular pressure, tonic-clonic movements, nystigmus,anaphylaxis, cardiac arrythmia, hypersalivation, hypertonia, laryngospasms Drug interactions contraindicated-doxapram , norepinephrine, phenylephrine, memantine, doxapram serious-epinephrine, fentanyl, isocarboxazid, phenelzine, sodium oxybate, hydrocodone, ivosidenib, apalutamide, benzhydrocodone monitor closely-acebutolol, amisulpride, amitriptyline, atazanavir, baclofen, bisoprolol, carbinixamine, chlorpromazine, darunivir, desipramine, diazepam, ethanol, haloperidol, lorazepam, metoprlol minor-desipramine, doxepin, lofepramine, imipramine, lofepramine, maprotiline, nortriptyline, trazodone, trimipramine |
Ketoconazole |
Histoplasmosis 200mg Twice a day Months Systemic fungal infections 200-400mg po daily x 2weeks Adverse effects nausea, vomiting, pruritus, abdominal pain, alopecia, dizziness, somnolence, fever, chills, bulging fontanelles,gynecomastia, leukopenia,hemolytic anaemia, hepatoxicity, photophobia Drug interactions contraindicated-alfuzosin, alprazolam, cisapride, disopyramide, dronedarone, isoniazid, midazolam, quinidine, simvastatin, verdenafil serious-almotriptan, amiodarone, amoxapine,atorvastatin, buspirone, chlorpromazine, clarithromycin, cortisone, dexamethasone, erthromycin, esomeprazole, fentanyl, haloperidol, prednisolone, ritonavir sildenafil monitor closely-amlodipine, atazanivir, azithromycin, calcifediol, carbamazepine, carvedilol, efavirenz, cimetidine, codeine, dapsone, diclofenac, diltiazim, gentamicin, itraconazole, kanamycin, levofloxacin minor-cortisone, efavirenz, fluconazole, ibuprofen, indinavir, losartan, metronidazole, neomycin, phenytoin, piroxicam, prednisolone, streptomycin, verapamil |
Venlafaxine |
Depression 75mg po once daily in the morning with food continual Generalized Anxiety, Panic DisorderExtended release:37.5-75 mg PO once daily initially; may be increased by 75 mg/day every 4-7 days; not to exceed 225 mg/day
Adverse Effects:Headache, Nausea, Insomni, Dizziness, Ejaculation disorder, Dry mouth, Diaphoresis, Weight loss, Hypertension, Tremors, Nervousness Drug Interactions:Serious-Apixaban, Amytriptilline, entanyl, Mefloquine, Quinidine, Warfarin. Monitor Closely-Asprin, Carvedilo, Clopromazine, Clozapine, Clopidogrel, Diclofenac, Ibuprufen, Lopinavir,Mefenamic Acid, Piroxicam, Ritonavir |
Warfarin |
Anticoagulation, Arrhythmias after myocardial infaction, 10mg po once or twice a day for 3 days then adjust according to INR
Adverse Effects Cholesterol embolus syndrome, Intraocular hemorrhage, Abdominal pain, Flatulence, Alopecia, Rash, Pruritus, Taste disturbance, Tissue necrosis, Headache, Lethargy, Dizziness, Hematuria, Anemia, Hepatitis Drug Interactions Contraindicated- Apixaban, Mifeprestone, Defibrotide. Serious- Abciximab, Allopurinol, Amiodarone, Azithromycin, Carbamazepine, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime, Clotrimazole, Dabigatrin, Erythromycin, Heparin, Itraconazole. Minor - Fluconazole, Isoniazid, Acetaminophen, Doxycycline |
Xalacom [latanoprost 5mcg, timolol maleate 5mg/ml] |
Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma 1 drop daily continual Adverse Effects: Ocular burning, conjunctival hyperemia, Dry eye, Itchiness, Ocular discomfort, Increased iris pigmentation Drug Interactions: Serious- Atenolol, Bisoprolol, Artemether/Lumefantrine. Monitor Closely- Amiodarone, Asprin, Atazanavir, Bupivacaine, Celecoxib, Chloroquine, Diclofenac, Epinephrine, Phenobarbitone, Nifedipine. Minor- Adenosine, Ciprofloxacilin, Neostigmine |
Xalatan |
Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma eye drops 1 drop daily continual(Ophthalmic Solution?emulsion) Adverse Effects: Increase in brown pigmentation of the iris, blurred vision, foreign body sensation, itching, conjunctival hyperemia, upper respiratory tract infection, tearing, eye pain, dryness, photophobia, conjunctivitis Drug Interactions: Serious- Bimatoprost. Monitor Closely- Diclofenac Ophthalmic, Ketorolac Ophthalmic, Travoprost Ophthalmic
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Magnesium sulphate |
Imminent Eclampsia 4g iv over 20 minutes plus 5g in each buttock as loading dose then 5g in alternate buttocks 4 hourly for 24 hours post deliverly Eclampsia 4 gm iv in 20mls of Normal Saline over 20 minutes plus 5 gm in each buttock as the loading dose, followed by 5gm in alternate buttocks every four hrs until 24 hours after delivery, or 24 hrs after the last fit whichever is the later. Acute asthma attack 1.2-2g slow IV over 20-30 minutes once Adverse effects circulatory collapse, respiratory paralysis, hypothermia, depresed reflexes, flushing, drowsines, diaphoresis, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperkalemia,visual changes Drug interactions contraindicated-eltrombopag serious- demeclocycline, doxcycline, minocycline, oxytetracyline, tetrcycline, baloxavir marboxil monitor closely-abobotulinumtoxin A, actracurium, ciprofloxacin, cisatracurium, delafloxacin, fleeroxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, pancuronium, penicillamine, rocuronium, succinylcholine, vecuronium minor- amikacin, amiloride
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Magnesium trisilicate |
Acute Liver Failure 40ml po 6 hourly until diarrhea is induced Burns 20ml po 6 hourly then review Indigestion 10-20ml po as required Adverse effects constipation, calky taste, fecal impaction, stomach cramps, vomiting, aluminum intoxication, hypomagnesmia, hypophosphatemia, osteomalacia, dirrhea, nausea, dizziness, lethargy, drowsiness, lightheadedness Drug interactions contraindicted- raltegravir serious-atazanavir, baloxavir marboxil, pazopanib, ponatinib monitor closely-budesonide, debrafenib, ethambutol, nilotinib, omadecycline, rifampin, riociguat, serecycline, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, vismodegib
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Medroxyprogesterone acetate |
Family Planning 150mg im once every 3 months Amenorrhea, uterine bleeding 5-10mg per day for 5- 10days from day 16 or 21 of menstrual cycle Endometrial carcinoma, recurrent, metastatic(adjunctive/palliative therapy) 400-1000mg IMI per week Endometrial hyperplasia reduction 5-10mg po a day for 12-14 conssucutive days eqch month from day 1 or day 16 of the cycle Endometriosis 104mg SC every 3 months forr 2 years Adverse effects amenorrhea, brealthrouh bleeding, change in menstrual flow, spotting, edema, anorexia, weakness, angioedema, depression, weight change, hedache, dizzines,somnolence,galactorrhea Drug Interactions serious-acitretin, darunavir, ivosidenib, nelnavir, saquinavir, voriconzole, lesinurad monitor closely-albiglutide, atzanivir, axinib, clarythromycin, dexamethazone, efvirence,etravirine, insulin, isoniazid, itraconazole, lopinavir, metformin, nevirapine, quinidine, rifampin minor- maitake, taurine |
Metformin |
Overweight type 2 diabetes 500-1000mg(increase gradually, maximum dose 2g/day) twice a day long term Normal weight type 2 diabetics 500-850mg 2-3 times a day indefinitely Adverse effects asthesia, diarrhea, flatulence, weakness, myalgia, hypoglycemia, nausea, vomiting, lctic acidosis, chills, dizziness, contipation, heeartburn, dyspepsia Drug interactions contraindicated-contrast media(iodinated), ethanol, ioversol serious-methylene blue, ranolazine, selegiline, tafenoquine, tedizolid, tranylcypromine monitor closely-acetazolamide, amiodarone, amlodipine, atazanavir, betamethasone, captopril, chlopromazine, ciprofloxacin, darunavir, dolutegravir,enalapril, estradiol, glucagon, indinavir, insulin, isoniazid, lopinavir,nifedipine, ofloxacin, phenytoin, ranitidine, tenofovir, trimethoprim minor-agrimony,amitriptyline, chlorothiazide,clomipane, clonidine,cortisone, desipramine, folic acid, hydrochlorothiazide, ibuprofen, imipramine, nifedipine, oflaxicin, predinisolone |
Methotrexate |
Rheumatoid Arthritis 5-25mg po once a week review Throphoblastic neoplasms 15-30mg po per day for 5 days Burkitt lymphoma (stage I/II) 10-25mg / day po for 4-8 days Adverse effects hyperurecemia, glossitis, gingivitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia,leukopnea, intestinal perforation, thrombocytopnea, renal failure, azotemia, nephropathy, alopecia Drug interactions contraindicated- acitretin, ethanol, anthrax vaccione, typhoid vaccione, yellow fever vaccine, zoster vaccine, varicella virus vaccine live, smallpox vaccine live, pneumococcal vaccine 13 valent serious-aspirin, bacitracin, BCG live, celecoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim monitor closely-allupurinol, amoxicillin, ampicillin, caffeine, cholera vaccine, ciprofloxacillin, cisplatin, dicloxacillin, digoxin, lansoprazole, minocycline, omeprazole,phenytoin minor-adalimumab, colestipol, folic acid, hydrochlorothiazide, methyclothiazide, methylfolate, golimumab |
Methyldopa |
Hypertension in pregnancy 250-500mg po 3-4 times a day Adverse effects angina, bradycardia, depression, dizzziness, lethargy, sedation, rash, gynecomastia, impotence, nausea,vomiting,arthralgia Drug interactions contraindicated-aripiprazole, chlopromazine, clozepine, haloperidol, iloperidone,loxapine, metoclopramide, promethazine, ziprasidone serious-iobenguane, lofexidine, tranylcypromine monitor closely-apomorphine, cabergolin, dopamine, epinephrine, ferrous gluconate, levodopa, nadolol, norepinephrine, propranolol, timolol, xylometazoline minor-lithium |
Methylphenidate |
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 10-60mg po daily in 2-3 divided doses continually with regular reviews Narcolepsy 20-30mg po 3times a day(30-45minutes before meals) Adverse effects insomnia, decreased appetite, mood swings, affect labiility, nasophryngitis, contusion, back pain, headache, hypertension, nausea, seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, anxiety, agitation, iriitability, vertigo Drug interactions contraindicated-benzphetamine, carbegolin, ergotamine, isocarboxid, linezolid, rasagiline, selegiline, tranylcypromine serious-doxapram, ethanol, ether, lofepramine, methoxyflurane, sevoflurane monitor closely-albeterol, mitrrptyline, amlodipine, amoxapine, amphetamkine, apomorphine, aripiprazole, aspirin, bambuterol, bromocriptine, caffeine, calcium carbonate, captopril, cocaine, desipramine, enalapril,epinephrine, famotidine, haloperidol, levodopa, loxapine, methyldopa, nifedipine, olanzepine, oxytocin minor-amantadine, desmopressin, guarana, ginseng, |
Metoclopramide |
Emesis 10mg 3 times a day review Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting 2mg/kg IV infused over 15minutes , 30 minutes before chemotherapy tgen repeat 2 more times Diabetic gastroparesis 10mg IV/IM/PO 6hourly 30minutes before meals and at bedtime Gastroesophageal reflux disease 10-15mg po 3 times a day 30minutes before meals and at bed time Drug Interactions contraindicated-carbegolin, dopamine, methyldopa, pramipexol, ropinirole serious-citapopram, duloxetin, fluoxetin, paroxetin, rivastigmine, setraline, venlafaxine, vilazodone monitor closely-amoxipine, apomorphine, aripiprazole, clozapine, digoxin, haloperidol, levodopa, olanzepine, pimozide, sulpiride, thiothixine, ziprasidone minor-acetaminophen, ethanol, meperidine, nitrofurantoin,fosfomycin, atovaquone
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Metoprolol Succinate X1 |
Chronic heart failure 12.5-200mg once a day long term Hypertension 25-100mg po once a day Acute Myocardial Infarction 5mg rapid IV every 2 minutes upto 3 doses then 15 minutes after last IV, 50mg po 6hourly for 48hours then 50-100mg po twice a day Angina 100mg per day initially twice a day Adverse effects dizziness, headache, tiiredness, depression, diarrhea, pruritus, bradycardia, rash, dyspnea, constiaptation, nausea, flatulence, wheezing, broncospams Drug interactions contraindicated-chlorpromazine, thioridazine, thiothixine, Serious-acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, artemether/ lumefantirine, carvedilol, clonidine, digoxin, diltiazem, fluoxetine, labetalol, nadolol, propranolol, quinidine, verapamil monitor closely-acemetacin, albuterol, amiloride, amiodarone, asenapine, aspirin, atazanavir, atenolol,bupropion, carbidopa, carvedilol, cimetidine, celecoxib, digoxin, dobutamine, ephedrinem, esmolol, gentamicin, haloperidol, ibuprofen, ketamine, levodopa, losartan, mefenemic acid, nadolol, naproxen, nifedipine, salmetorol, rifampin, verapamil minor-adenosine, brimonidine, ciprofloxacin, cocaine, diazepam, melatonin, pilocarpine, treprostinil
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Metronidazole |
Necrotising Enterocolitis 7,5mg/kg IV for 10 days Dysentery 10mg/kg three times a day for 5 days, if the diarrhea is chronic 7,5mg/kg for 7 days Vaginal Discharge, Mild to moderate PID 400mg po three times daily for 7 days Post Miscarriage Sepsis 400mg po three times a day for 10 days Severe PID 1g PR 12 hourly for 72 hours Prolonged Rupture of Membranes 500mg IV 8 hourly until delivery, switch to 400mg po three times daily after delivery for 7 days Urethral Discharge In Men, vaginal discharge 2g po one dose only Lung Abscess 400mg po three times daily for 6 to 8 weeks Empyema 400mg po three times daily for 10-14 days H Pylori Eradication 400mg po three times daily for 2 weeks Amoebic Dysentery 800mg po three times daily for 5 days Pyogenic Abscess 500mg IV three times daily for 4 to 6 weeks Giardiasis 400mg po three times daily for 5 day Intestinal Obstruction 500mg iv tds Adverse effects appetitte loss, dizziness, diarrhoea, , headache, ataxia, dark urine, hypersensitivity, neutropnea, metallic taste, neuropathy, seizures, encephalopathy, decreased libido, xerostomia, nausea Drug interactions contraindicated- BCG vaccine live, cisapride, disulfiram, dronabinol, lomitapide, terfenadine, typhoid vaccine, propylene glycol serious-axitinib, cholera vaccine, cisapride, ergotamine, erythromycin, fentanyl, ivabradine, naloxigol, simvastatin, warfarin Monitor closely-accalabrutinib, almotriptan, amiodarone, aripiprazole, avanafil, cannabidiol, carvedilol, clopidogrel, clozapine, cortisone, digoxin, estradiol, ethanol, hydrocortisone, indinavir, losartan,maraviroc, prednisoloone, predinisone, quinidine, saquinavir, sulfamethoxazole,tacrolimus, verapamil, Minor-acetaminopnine, alosetron, amitriptyline, amlodipine, atazanavir, celecoxib, diclofenac, efavirenz, ethanol,ibuprofen, imipramine, itraconazole, nifedipine, piroxicam, quinine,thiamine, vincristine, zolpidem |
Mianserin |
Depression 15-40mg po once at bedtime continual Adverse effects constipation, dry mouth, drowsiness, tremor, headache, dizziness, vertigo, weakness, increased appetite, tiredness, vivid dreams, weight gain Drug interactions apraclonidine, brimonidine, sibutramine, artemether/lumefantrine,carbamazepine, phenobarbital, diazoxide, hydralazine, nitroprusside, apraclonidine, brimonidine, sibutramine |
Miconazole |
Oral Thrush/ Oral candidiasis 2% gel topically 4 times a day for 7 -14 days, 2,5ml po after feeds for paeds Tinea Corporis, Tinea Pedis 2% gel topically 2-3 times a day for 7 days after recovery Adverse effects diarrhea, naausea, vomiting, dysgeusia, upper abdominal pain, vomiting, allergic reactions Drug interactions phenytoin, insulin, warfarin, coumadin, jontaven, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, ergonovine |
Midazolam |
Sedation 7.5-10mg po.Onset less than 10 mins, duration 2-6 hours Adverse effects decreased respiratory rate, apnes, drowsiness, seizures, nausea, vomiting, cough, headache, sedation, euphoria, delirium, hypotension, nystagmus, apnea, desaturation Drug Interactions contraindicated- atazanavir, darunavir, itrconazole, ketoconazole, ritonavir, cobicistat, fosamprenvir, nelfinavir serious-apalutamide, brigatinib, carbamzepine, cimetidine, erythromycin, clarithromycin, hydrocodone, ketoconazole, rifampin, valerian Monitor closely-albuterol, alprazolam, amitriptyline, apomorphine, aripiprazole, azithromycin,baclofen, butabarbital, caffeine,chlorpheniramine, chlopromazine, cortisone, desflurane, dexamethasone, diazepam, droperidol, isoniazid,lorazepam, metronidazole minor-armodafinil, ciprofloxacin, esomeprazole, gemifloxacin, ofloxacin, rifabutin, ruxolitinib, sage, vinpocetine |
Misoprostol |
Prolonged Rupture of membranes, Cervical Ripening 50mcg PV 24 hourly(maximum 1 dose) OR 25mcg po 4 hourly(maximum 3 doses) Active Management of third stage of labour 600mcg PR once only Induced Abortion, Missed Abortion(first trimester) 600mcg PV 12 hourly (maximum 2 doses) Incomplete Abortion 600mcg po once only Induced abortion, intrauterine fetal death 13-17 weeks(second trimester) 200mcg PV 12 hourly (maximum 4 doses) Intrauterine fetal death 18-27 weeks 100mcg PV 12 hourly (maximum 3 doses Adverse effects diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, anaemia, chestpain, anaphylaxis, flatulence, hearing loss, nause, vomiting, myocardial infarction, gastrointestinal hemorrhage Drug interactions monitor closely-crofelemer, eluxadoline |
Morphine |
Post operative pain 5-15mg IM 4 hourly, review Severe pain in children < 6months =0.02mg/kg, >6months =0.04mg/kg po 4 hourly Review OR 0.025mg/kg sc/IV 4 hourly review Acute Pulmonary Edema 5-10mg IV slowly over 1-2 minutes, repeat every 15 minutes if required Severe Pain in labour 5mg im 4 hourly as required Adverse effects pruritus, vomiting, constipation, headache, somnolence, astheni, depression, dyspnea, fever, insomnia, rash, anxiety, dizziness, hiccups, syncope, respiratory depression, anaphylaxis Drug interactions contraindicated-alvimopan, safinamide serious-artemether/lumefantrine, cimetidine, citalopram, clonidine, fentanyl, fluoxetine, isocarboxid, linezolid,paroxetin, phenelzine, quinidine, rasalagiline, tramadol, valerian monitor closely-albuterol, alprazolam, amitriptyline, apomorphine, aripiprazole, baclofen, bupropion,caffeine, captopril, celecoxib, chloroquine, desipramine, diazepam, dopamine, epinephrine, ethanol, haloperidol, imipramine, ketamine, lorazepam, maraviroc, melatonin, norepinephrine, olanzapine, ritonavir, tenofovir, tramadol, yohimbine Minor-benazepril, brimonidine, celandine, dexatramphetamine, eucalyptus, lidocaine, rifabutin, rifampin, sage, ziconotide
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Multivitamins |
Severe Alcohol Dependance 2-4 tablets once to 3 times a day then review Nutritional Supplements 2 tablets upto 3 times a day as required Adverse effects constipation, dark stools, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
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Para-amino-benzoic acid cream/lotion |
Albinism, Vitiligo apply daily in the morning as required
Adverse Effects: Anorexia, nausea, fever, rash, hepatotoxicity Drug Interactions: Serious- Sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole. Monitor Closely- Omadacycline |
Paracetamol |
Small surface area burns,Mild pain in adults 500mg-1g po 4 to 6 hourly(maximum dose 4g/day) paeds 10-15mg/kg 4 to 6 hourly as required Back and neck pain 1g po three times a day Migraine headache 1g po 6 hourly as required
Adverse Effects: Angioedema, disorientation, dizziness, rash, urticaria, pancytopenia, liver failure, nephrotoxicity, pneumonitis, steven johnson syndrome, toxicic epidermal necrolysis, gastrointestinal hemmorhage Drug Interactions: Monitor Closely- Isoniazid, warfarin, dapsone. Minor- clonazepam, diazepam, carbamazepine, enoxaparin, ethosuximide, heparin,lorazepam, rifampin, phenobarbital, valproate |
Permathrin |
Scabies 5% cream apply from neck down once and wash off after 8-12 hours once only
Adverse Effects: Itching, skin redness, skin swelling, rsh, numbness and tingling, burning sensation |
Pethidine |
Post Operative pain 1-2mg/kg im 3 hourly Severe Pain In Labour 50-100mg im 4-6 hourly (maximum 3 doses) Large surface area burns 1mg/kg im 4 hourly review
Adverse Effects: agitation, angina, constipation, dry mouth, faintness, cardiac arrest, coma, nausea, palpitations, sedation, seizures, shock, syncope, tachycardia, pruritus, weakness. Drug Interactions: Contraindicated-isocarboxazid. Serious- Amitriptylline, fentanyl, tramadol. Monitor Closely- albuterol, baclofen, shlorpromazine, diazepam, efavirenz, dopamine, isoniazid, ketamine, midazolam, morphine, ritonavir |
Phenobarbitone |
Neonatal Tetanus 2,5-5mg/kg iv/im/nasogastric 12 hourly as long as required Convulsions 10mg/kg iv over 5-10minutes, repeat after 30minutes if still Convulsing Epilepsy 120mg (paeds 5mg/kg)po nocte for 2 weeks then review side effects and compliance Status Epilepticus 10-15mg/kg iv infusion over 10 minutes Insomnia100-200 mg po twicw daily
Adverse Effects: Ataxia, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, irritability, nystigmus, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, rash, hepetotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, steven johnson syndrome Drug Interactions :Contraindicated- Atazanavir, Atazanavir, Praziquantel. Serious- Apixaban, Cyclosporine, dabigatran, Enoxaparin, fundoparinax, heparin, rivaroxaban, sildenafil, simvastatin, warfarin. Monitor Closely- Albuterol, amikacin, amiodarone, azithromycin, baclofen, atenolol, azithromycin, bisoprolol, carvedilol, clopidogrel, colchicine, digoxin, gentamycin, haloperidol, ketamine, lopinavir |
Phenylepherine |
Cataract 2.5% eye drops 1-3 drops pre-op |
Phenylephrine hydrochloride |
Acute hypotension 100-500mcg IV repeat 5-15minutes Repeatedly as necessary
Adverse Effects: Hypertension, reflex bradycardia, anxiety, headache, burning, sneezing, pulmonary edema, metabolic acidosis, nausea, gastric irritation, decreased renal perfusion, reduced urinary output. Drug Interactions: Contraindicated- Isocarboxazid, linezolid. Serious- Amitriptylline, isoflurane, propofol. Monitor Closely- Albuterol, Bromocriptine, Chlorpheniramine, Chlorpromazine, clonazepam, haloperidol, hydralazine, insulin, methyldopa, morphine, midazolam, phenobarbital, oxytocin |
Phenytoin |
Epilepsy 300mg at bed time review Status epilepticus 15-20mg/kg iv at a rate of 50mg per minute 6 hourly
Adverse Effects: drowsiness, fatigue, ataxia, irritability, headache, restlessness, nervousness, dizziness, vertigo, rash, parasthesia, pruritis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, hypocalcemia, hepatotoxicity, rash. Drug Interactions: Contraindicated- apixaban, artemether/lumefantrine, darunavir, praziquantel. Serious: Cyclosporine, egortamine, erythromycin, itraconazole, lidocaine, nifedipine, sildenafil, simvastatin. Monitor Closely- Albendazole, amikacin, azithromycin, amiodarone, bleomycin, carbamazepin, ciprofloxacin, clopindogrel, cyclosporine, colchicine, diazepam, heparin, itraconazole, lopinavir, metformin, nevirapine |
Pilocarpine |
Acute Glaucoma, Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma 4% eye drops 1 drop in each eye 6 hourly continual Hepatic Impairment Moderate impairment: 5 mg PO 12hourly
Adverse Effects: Sweating, headache, flushing, dizziness, chills, nausea, urinary frequency, nausea, rhinitis, vomiting, hypertension, lacrimation, hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia, pain. Drug Interactions: Monitor Closely-Amytriptylline, atropine, atracurium, imipramine, ipratronium, neostigmine, physostigmine, succinylecholine. Minor-Atenolol, carvedilol, bisoprolol, timolol, sotalol |
Platelet concentrate |
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (platelets <30 x10^9 and patient is bleeding) 6 bags/dose cryoprecipitate then review Thrombocytopenia Transfusion of 5-10 mL/kg should raise the platelet count by 50,000-100,000/u
Adverse Effects: Henolytic transfusion reactions, septic reactions, febrile nonhemolytic reactions, circulatory overload, allergic reactions, transfusion related acute lung injury |
Podophyllin paint |
Genital Warts 20% wash off after 4 hours once a week then review |
Potassium chloride |
Chronic Cardiac Failure(on spironolactone) 600mg -1.2g po 1-2 times a day long term Potassium Replacement 20mmol in every litre, after the first litre increase to 40mmol/litre given over 8 hours, recheck potasssium Hypokalaemia Prophylaxis 20-40 mEquivalence twice daily
Adverse Effects: Arrythymias, bleeding, diarrhea, dyspepsia, hyperkalemia, nausea, vomiting, rash, abdominal pain, perforation, gastro intestinal obstruction, ulceration and perforation. Drug Interactions: Serious- Amiloride, Spironolactone, potassium sulphate, Eplerenone, triamterene. Monitor Closely- Asprin, Albuterol, atenolo, bisoprolol, captopril, carvedilol, diclofenac, digoxin, frusemide, indomethacin, ibuprufen, gentamycin, mefenamic acid, propranolol.Minor: Metformin, Glimepiride, insulin
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Povodine iodine |
Herpes Zooster, Burns Topical daily on wound as required Oral Ulcers 1% povidone iodine 4 times a day
Adverse Effects :Hypothroidism in neonates, pruritus, erythema, rash, irritation Drug Interactions: Serious- Collagenase |
Acetazolamide |
Acute glaucoma 250-500mg po stat then 8 hourly review (If intraocular pressure >40mm: 0.25-1g divided doses/day for a few weeks) Adverse effects -confusion,convulsions,drowsiness, flacid paralysis,malaise,parasthesias Drug interactions serious-cisapride, methanamine significant-asprin,amantadine,carbamazepine
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Acetic acid |
Otitis externa Ear drops 3 drops twice a day for 7 days Adverse effects stinging/burning sensation upon instillation, local irritation Drug Interactions other ear medicine
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Acetylcysteine |
paracetamol poisoning iv infusion in dextrose 5% 150m/kg in 200ml over 15 mins then 50mg/kg over 4 hrs then 100mg/kg in 1000ml over 16 hrs Adverse effects flushing,edema,urticaria,pruritus,nausea,pharyngitis drug interactions significant-activated charcoal minor-isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin, isosorbide monotritrate |
Activated charcoal |
Swallowed poisons 50g added to 400ml water repeat after 4-6 hours, children 0.25 – 0.5 g/kg Adverse effects common-black stool,constipation rare-slowing of intestines, dehydration, regurgitation n the lungs, blocking of intestinal tract Drug interactions significant-acetylcysteine, digoxin, theophylline, methotraxate minor-acarbose, miglitol,leflunomide |
Acyclovir |
Genital ulcers 200-400mg times a day for 5 days Herpes simplex virus 400mg po twice a day fot 4weeks then review Adverse effects nausea, vomiting , diarrhoea,headache,abdominal pain Drug interactions serious-amphotericin B, bacitracin, neomycin, significant-amikacin,amoxicillin, gentamicin, flucloxacillin, tenofovir minor--asprin,celecoxib,diclofenac,ibuprofen, mefenemic acid |
Acyclovir eye ointment |
coneal ulcers 1cm ointment 5 times a day for 14 day Adverse effects burning/stinging sensaion,pruritus,rash, drug interactions other eye ointmets |
Adrenaline |
Anaphylaxis 0.5 – 1ml [= 10mg/kg] Repeat as necessary every 10mins until improvement occurs. children >5yrs-0.5ml 4 years-0.4ml 3 years-0.3ml 2 years-0.2ml 1 year 0.1ml Severe allergic reaction: 1ml slow [1-5yr =0.1ml/kg] repeat every minute until satisfactory clinical response Adverse effects anxiety, dizziness, dyspnea, flushing, hypertention,palpitations, Drug interactions quinidine, pentamidine,linezolid, amiodarone,amitryptyline |
Albendazole |
Neurocysticercosis 800mg Twice a day 14 days Severe acute malnutrition ≥2 years 400 mg Single dose On discharge from SC/ direct admission to OTP Hookworm <2yrs 200mg one dose only >2yrs 400mg All Roundworms except Strongyloides 400mg one dose only <2yrs = 200mg Tapeworm and Strongyloides 400mg(2yrs = 200mg) once a day 3 days (Note: If not cured after 3 weeks, repeat the course.) Cutaneous larva migrans (“sandworm”) 400mg (<2yrs=200mg) once a day 7 day Hydatid Disease 3mg/kg 3 times a day 30 days, then wait 15 days (medicine free). Then repeat the cycle 4 times. Neurocysticercosis 800mg Twice a day 14 days Severe acute malnutrition ≥2 years 400 mg Single dose On discharge from SC/ direct admission to OTP Adverse effects headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting,alopecis,raised intracranial pressure Drug interactions significant-phenytoin,grapefruit,fosphenytoin,altretamine minor-dexamethasone, praziquantel
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Allopurinol |
Chronic gout 300mg once a day continual Adverse effects rash, nausea, renal failure, arthralgias, bronchospasm Drug interactions serious-captopril,enalapril,theophylline, protamine, warfarin significant- amoxicillin,calcium carbonate, methotraxate, hydroxyurea minor-ampicillin, tacrolimus, cyclosporin
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Aminophylline |
Broncospasms 6mg/kg over 20 minutes unless the patient has taken aminophylline in the past 8 hours then aminophylline in dextrose 5% slow infusion 12mg/ kg in one litre over 24 hours slow iv bolus 6mg /kg over 20mins Adverse effects headache, insomnia,diarrhoea, exfoliative dermatitis, skeletal muscle tremors, tachycardia Drug interactions serious- allopurinol, carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, ketoconazole, erythromycin monitor closely-activated charcoal, atenolol, artemether/lumefantrine, carvediolol, efavirenz minor-amiodarone, clarithromycin, pyridoxine, omeprazole, lithium,
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Amitriptyline |
Neuropathic Pain 25mg not later than 8pm at night increasing to 75mg before 8pm at night, review Tension headache 25-150mg at night 3 months Migraine 25mg at night minimum 3 months Peripheral neuropathy 25-75mg at night, review(the lower dose is usually sufficient) Major depression Start at 50mg and increase by 25mg every 2 nights up to 150mg Once at night, 1 hour before sleep. Assess progress after 2 weeeks Depression with psychomotor agitation 50 –75mg once at night 14- 21days then review Amitriptyline po 50mg then increase by 25mg every 2 nights upto 150mg once at night for 2 weeks then assess Sedative/hypnotic 12.5mg at night intermittently Adverse effects agitation, alopecia, blurred vision, constipation, dizziness, palpitaions, parasthesia Drug interactions serious-amiodarone, artemether/ lumefantrine, clarithromycin, dopamine, fluconazole monitor closely- atazanivir, artovarstatin, carbemazepine, diazepam, efavirenz minor-atropine, dexamethasone, ethanol, griseofulvin, hydrocortisone, isoniazid |
Amlodipine |
Hypertension 5-10mg once a day long term Coronary artery disease 5-10mg once a day long term Adverse effects pulmonary oedema, headahce, fatigue, flushing, dizziness, abdominal pain Drug interactions serious-dialtiazem, simvastatin, idelalisib, ivacaftor, ivosidenib monitor closely- acebutolol, atenolol, carbidopa, isoniazid, ketoconazole, metformin
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Amoxicillin and clavulinic acid |
Acute otitits media 500mg 40mg /kg in paeds 3 times a day 8 days Acute tonsillitis 80mg/kg;7mg/kg 2 times a day 7 days Adverse effects diarrhoea, nausea, rash, naphylaxis, anaemia, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopnea, agranulocytosis Drug interactions serious- BCG vaccine, cholera vaccine, doxycycline, tetracycline, typhoid fever vaccine monitor closely-acyclovir, allupurinol, asprin, methotraxate, warfarin minor-azithromycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, pyridoxine, clarythromycin |
Amoxicillin |
Surgical prophylaxis 500mg 3 times a day 7 days Pneumonia, acute ear infection 4-<6kg =62.5mg 3 times a day for 5 days 6-<14kg =125mg 14-19kg =250mg Sore throat <3yrs =125mg 3 times a day 10 days >3yrs=250mg >12yrs =500mg Urinary tract infection in pregnancy 500mg 3 times a day for 7 days Post miscarriage sepsis 500mg 3 times a day 10 days Pelvic inflammatory disease 500mg 3 times a day 7 days Prolonged rupture of membranes 500mg 3 times a day 7 days Typhoid fever 2g 3 times a day 14days Adverse effects anaphylaxis, anaemia, diarrhoea, headache, nausea, vomiting Drug interactions serious- BCG vaccine live, cholera vaccine, doxycycline, tetracycline, typhoid vaccine live monitor closely- acyclovir, asprin, methotraxate, warfarin, sulfasalazine minor- azithromycin, chloramphenicol, clarythromycin, pyridoxine, erythomicin
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Ampicillin |
Pyrexia of unknown origin 2g 4 times a day Review Severe pneumonia 50mg/kg 6hourly 5 days Pelivic inflammatory disease 500mg 6 hourly 48-72hrs Pyogenic abcess 1g 4 times a day 4 - 6 weeks Peritonitis 1g 4 times a day 5-10 days Acute cholecystitis 500mg 4 times a day Pyrexia of unknown origin 2g 4 times a day Review Severe pneumonia 50mg/kg 6hourly 5 days Pelivic inflammatory disease 500mg 6 hourly 48-72hrs Pyogenic abcess 1g 4 times a day 4 - 6 weeks Peritonitis 1g 4 times a day 5-10 days Acute cholecystitis 500mg 4 times a day Adverse effects erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, urticaria, fever, seizures, diarrhea Drug interarctions serious- BCG vaccine, Cholera vaccine, doxcycycline, tetracycline, typhoid fever vaccine monitor closely-asprin, ibuprofen, methrotraxate, omeprazole, sulfasalazine, warfarin,clarythromycin, minor- allopurinol, atenolol, chloramphenicol, rifampin, hydrochlorothiazide
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Aqeous iodine solution |
Toxic Nodular Goitre 0.1 – 0.3ml diluted in water 3 times a day 10-14 days before surgery Adverse effects nausea, vomiting, metallic tatse in mouth, fever , headche, diarrhea Drug interactions captopril, losartan, spironolactone, lithium, epleronone |
Aqueous cream |
As a soap substitute |
Aspirin |
tension headache 600mg 4 hourly prn no longer than one week continuously (risk of analgesic rebound headache) migraine 600mg 4 hourly as required Stroke prophylaxis 150mg once daily long term Pain in adults 300-900mg (<4g/day) every 4-6hrs as long as required Joint/bone pain 600-900mg every 4-6hrs review Adverse effects angioedema, bronchospams, hepatotoxicity, hearing loss, , rash ,tinnitus Drug interactions serious-captopril, enalapril, ibuprofen, methotraxate, probenecid monitor closely-acetazolamide, amoxicillin, atenolol, dexamethasone, diclofenac minor acyclovir, celecoxib, furosemide, gentamicin, hydroclorothiazide
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Atenolol |
hypertension 50mg once a day long term Angina 25-100mg once a day long term Acute myocardial infarction 50-100mg once a day long term Arrhythmia 25-50mg once to twice a day review Adverse effects postural hypotension, bradycardia, depression,fatigue, nausea Drug interarctions serious-carvedilol, digoxin, verapamil, metoprolol, diltiazem monitor closely-amlodipine, asprin, carbidopa, diclofenac,epinephrine minor-ampicillin, atropine, cocaine, neostigmine, dipyridamol
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Atropine sulphate |
Cataract Atropine 0.5% or 1% 1-2 drops 2-3 times/day 1 week Organophosphate poisoning 2-4mg [Paed=0.02-0.05mg/kg every 10 mins [Paed every 10-15mins], until signs of atropinisation appear, repeat to maintain atropinisation* [hot dry skin, dry mouth, widely dilated pupils, fast pulse] Antimuscarinic drugs 0.6-1.2mg (paeds: 10-20mcg/kg) 2-10 min 1-2 hours Adverse effects ataxia, coma, delirium, dizziness,headache, hallucinations Drug interactions serious-eluxodoline, macimorelin, recefenacin, secretin monitor closely-amitryptyline, actracurium, chlopromazine, digoxin, fentanyl minor-atenolol, chlopromazine, levodopa, promethazine, |
Azithromycin |
Cholera (second line) 1g Single dose after correction of severe dehydration Urethral discharge in men, vaginal discharge in women 1g one dose only Typhoid fever 250-500mg Once a day 7 Adverse effects diarrhea, nausea, vaginitis, agitation, flatulence anaemia, anorexia Drug interactions serious-BCG vaccine live, typhoid vaccine,digoxin, antihtrombin III, heparine,quinidine monitor closely-amiodarone, amityptyline,,clotrimazole,epinephrine, fluconazole minor-amoxicillin,penicillin G,ofloxacin,foscarnet, flucloxacillinm levofloxacin
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Chlorhexidine topical |
cleanser and antiseptic Surgical scrub scrub for 3mins ,rinse and wash for another 3mins Preoperative skin cleanser apply to suyrgical site and swab for 2mins allow to dry, repeat once Wound cleaning rinse with water, apply to wound area, wash gently and rinse thoroughly Hand sanitizer rub for 15sec, wash for 15sec and rinse Adverse effects irritation, sensitisation, allergic reactions, dyspnea, facial oedema
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Tetracycline |
Chronic Bronchitis, Acute Exacerbation500 mg PO twice daily or 250 mg PO four times daily (ie, 1000 mg/day) Moderate-to- Severe Acne1 g/day PO in divided doses (based on the judgement of the clinician) Brucellosis500 mg PO q6hr for 3 weeks accompanied by streptomycin SyphilisPatients allergic to penicillin
Adverse Effects: Permanent discoloration of teeth, enamel hypoplasia, gastrointestinal effects like( vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, esophagitis, esophageal ulceration, black hairy tongue, dysphagia, enterocolitis), rashes, dermatitis, hepatotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, renal toxicity, hypersensitivity Drug Interactions: Serious- Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Atracurium, Calcium chloride/carbonate, ferous sulphate, Penicillin, Magnesium Citrate/hydroxide Monitor Closely- Ceftriaxone, Cefroxime, Digoxin, Efavirenz, Estradiol, Methotraxate |
Salmeterol/Fluticasone |
Asthma 50/150mcg once or twice daily as required (inhaler)
Advesre Effects: Upper respiratory tract infections, headache, pharyngitis, candidiasis, throat irritation, cough, nausea, vomiting Drug Interactions:
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Juxtapid |
Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Renal Impairment 5mg po 6 hourly(Not to exceed 60mg/day)
Adverse Effects: Gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea, nause, dyspepsia, vomiting, abdominal pain, chest pain, constipation, flatulence, influenza, GERD, defecation urgency, fever, headache Drug Interactions: Contraindicated- Amiodarone, Atazanavir, cimetidine, clarithromycin,clotrimazole, doxycycline, efavirenz, erythromycin, haloperidol. Use Alternative- Lovastatin, simvastatin. Monitor Closely-Acetaminophen, Acetazolamide, atorvastatin, carvedilol, ciprofloxacin, diazepam
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Ulipristal Acetate |
Emergency Contraception 30mg po as soon as possible within 5 days Uterine Fibroids 5-10mg po once daily for 3 months preoperatively
Adverse Effects: Headche, abdominal pain, nausea, dysmenorrhea, intermenstrual bleeding, fatigue, dizziness Drug Interactions: Use Alternative- Carbamazepine, efavirenz, dexamethasone, nevirapine, phenytoin, rifambin, smoking. Monitor closely-Dabigatran, digoxin |
Yohimbine |
Impotence 5,4mg po three times a day
Adverse Effects: Anxiety, Irritability, Headache, Sweating, Nausea, Tachycardia, depression, erectile dysfunction, dry mouth, chest pain Drug Interactions: Contraindicated- Isocarboxazid, linezolid. Serious- Amitriptyline, desipramine, ergotamine, isoflurane, imipramine. Monitor Closely-Albuterol, caffeine, clonazepam, codein, dopamine, haloperidol, methyldopa, olanzapine |
Zinc Oxide |
Diaper Rash Topical ointment 10%, 20%, 40% Topical cream 11,3% Paste 16%, 20 % Apply as needed |
